Olefins may be produced from C.sub.4-C.sub.6 saturated hydrocarbons by systems and methods comprising passing a feed comprising C.sub.4-C.sub.6 saturated hydrocarbons and hydrogen into a dehydrogenation unit to produce a dehydrogenation effluent, passing at least a portion of the dehydrogenation effluent into a hydrogenation unit to produce a hydrogenation effluent, and passing at least a portion of the hydrogenation effluent into a cracking unit to produce a cracking effluent comprising olefins. The dehydrogenation unit includes a dehydrogenation catalyst, the hydrogenation unit includes a hydrogenation catalyst, and the cracking unit includes a cracking catalyst.

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of cyclic compounds in the metathesis of olefins from acyclic dienes comprising terminal and/or non-terminal C═C double bonds; the invention also relates to the use of homogeneous ruthenium complexes and homogeneous ruthenium complexes deposited on a solid support as catalysts and/or pre-catalysts for the preparation of cyclic olefins in olefin metathesis reactions.

The invention provides a new process for producing ruthenium complexes represented by the Formula 1. Invention provides also the use of ruthenium complexes represented by the Formula 1 as precatalysts and/or catalysts in olefin metathesis reactions.

The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+[M′M.sub.12O.sub.y(RCOO).sub.zH.sub.q].sup.m− or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

Bio-based ethanol, such as ethanol produced from lignocellulosic materials, for example, is processed to produce bio-based ethylene, which can then be processed further to produce other bio-based materials including bio-based polymers and copolymers, including bio-based polyethylene, bio-based α-olefins, bio-based 1,2-diols, as well as other compounds.

A method for reducing fouling in an upgrading reactor that includes upgrading C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbons within the upgrading reactor in the presence of a fouling inhibitor having a particle size D.sub.50 of less than 100 μm and forming linear alpha olefins and polymer during the upgrading, wherein the fouling inhibitor changes the morphology of the polymer.

A process comprising A) continuously introducing into a reaction zone i) ethylene, ii) an iron salt, iii) a pyridine bisimine, iv) an organoaluminum compound, and v) an organic reaction medium, and B) forming an oligomer product in the reaction zone, the reaction zone having i) an iron of the iron salt concentration in a range of 5×10.sup.−4 mmol/kg to 5×10.sup.−3 mmol/kg, ii) an aluminum of the organoaluminum compound to iron of the iron salt molar ratio in a range of 300:1 to 800:1, ii) an ethylene partial pressure in a range of 750 psig to 1200 psig, iv) an ethylene to organic reaction medium mass ratio in a range of 0.8 to 4.5, v) a temperature in a range of 75° C. to 95° C., and optionally vi) a hydrogen partial pressure of at least 5 psi.

The present invention relates to a method for oligomerizing olefins including the steps of: carrying out an oligomerization reaction of olefins by injecting an oligomerization transition metal catalyst, a cocatalyst, an olefin monomer and a solvent into a reactor; and injecting, into the reaction product of the oligomerization reaction, a catalyst inactivator including a gaseous inorganic material that contains oxygen.

Platinum complexes having ferrocene-diphosphine ligands for catalysis of the hydroxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C.sub.2-C.sub.30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl; L.sub.1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more quaternary salts.