A method for preparing cyclododecene and a synthesis device therefor, of the present invention, remarkably increase the conversion ratio of cyclododecatriene and selectivity of cyclododecene, can minimize the costs required for equipment and processing, are practical, reduce processing time, and are industrially advantageous to mass production in comparison with a conventional method and device.

Methods for determining ethylene concentration in an ethylene oligomerization reactor using an ultrasonic flow meter are described, and these methods are integrated into ethylene oligomerization processes and related oligomerization reactor systems.

Disclosed herein are processes and reaction systems for controlling a temperature of an oligomerization reaction zone using a heat exchange system.

A process for producing branched alcohols through isomerization, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.−1 to 5 in.sup.−1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1).

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C.sub.2-C.sub.30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl; L.sub.1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more organic acids, organic acid salts, esters, anhydrides, or combinations of these.

A process for producing branched alcohols through isomerization, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.

Disclosed is a method for producing a mono-cross-coupled aromatic compound (3-1) having one less leaving group than an aromatic compound (1) having at least two leaving groups, the method comprising: preparing the aromatic compound (1) having at least two leaving groups; preparing a compound (2) capable of undergoing a cross-coupling reaction selected from an aromatic boronic acid (2-1), an aromatic amino compound (2-2), a diboronic acid ester (2-3), an aromatic compound (2-4) having a hydroxyl group and an aromatic compound (2-5) having a thiol group; and performing a cross-coupling reaction of the aromatic compound (1) having at least two leaving groups with the compound (2) in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base, in the absence of a solvent.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst system comprising i) (a) an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine chromium salt or (b) a chromium salt and an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine and ii) an organoaluminum compound. The present disclosure also relate to a process comprising: a) contacting i) ethylene; ii) a catalyst system comprising (a) an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine chromium salt complex or (b) a chromium salt and an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine; ii) an organoaluminum compound, and iii) optionally an organic reaction medium; and b) forming an oligomer product in a reaction zone.