The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of santalene to santalol. The starting material is in particular a mixture comprising alpha-santalene, beta-santalene, epi-beta-santalene, trans-alpha-bergamotene and beta-bisabolene. The oxidation of the santalenes occurs via an intermediate chloro-santalene compound. Substitution of the chloro-substituent by acetate yielded the mixture of the corresponding santalyl actates, which were hydrolyzed to yield the corresponding mixture of santalols.

The present invention is related to the isomerization process in which a light naphtha stream comprising of paraffinic (mono and single branched), naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the range of C.sub.5-C.sub.7 is contacted with the solid catalyst in multiple reaction zones and in presence of hydrogen to produce high octane gasoline predominantly comprising of paraffins (single and di-branched) and naphthenes. The process scheme comprises of more than one isomerization reaction section operating at different temperatures and other operating conditions. The catalyst employed in these reaction sections is a high coordination sulfated mixed metal oxide catalyst which contains at least one noble metal and sulfated zirconia in addition to the other components. The process of the present invention also comprises more than one fractionation section and recycling of a particular stream to the reaction zone for improving the isomerization of light naphtha.

The invention relates to new intermediates in the synthesis of Eldecalcitol and to processes for the preparation of said intermediates and of Eldecalcitol.

A radiation-sensitive resin composition contains: a polymer that includes a structural unit including an acid-labile group; and a radiation-sensitive acid generating agent. The radiation-sensitive acid generating agent includes a sulfonate anion and a radiation-sensitive cation. The sulfonate anion includes two or more rings, and an iodine atom and a monovalent group having 0 to 10 carbon atoms which includes at least one of an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom bond to at least one of the two or more rings. The ring is preferably an aromatic ring. The radiation-sensitive acid generating agent is preferably a compound represented by formula (1). In the formula (1), A.sup.1 represents a group obtained from a compound which includes a ring having 3 to 20 ring atoms by removing (p+q+r+1) hydrogen atoms on the ring. ##STR00001##

A salt represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydroxy group, —O—R.sup.10, —O—CO—O—R.sup.10 or —O-L.sup.1-CO—O—R.sup.10; L.sup.1 represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon group may have a substituent, and —CH.sub.2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —S— or —SO.sub.2—; R.sup.10 represents an acid-labile group; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; m1 represents an integer of 1 to 5, m2 and m8 represent an integer of 0 to 5, m4, m5 and m7 represent an integer of 0 to 4; and AI.sup.− represents an organic anion.

The present invention relates to co-crystals of tramadol and co-crystal formers selected from NSAIDs/coxibs, processes for preparation of the same and their uses as medicaments or in pharmaceutical formulations, more particularly for the treatment of pain.

Disclosed is a method for preparing β-carbonyl sulfones. The method comprises: by taking an α-carbonyl diazo compound and sodium arylsulfinate as reaction substrates, cheap silver nitrate as an optimal catalyst, 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand, and potassium persulfate as an oxidant, carrying out coupling reaction in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water to obtain a β-carbonyl sulfones compound. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: a wide range of reaction substrates, short reaction time, a relatively high reaction yield, a mild reaction condition, etc. In the present invention, non-toxic and harmless reagents are used as reaction raw materials, so that it has no harm to the environment and satisfies the requirements of contemporary green chemistry development. Post-reaction treatment is relatively simple, and is convenient for separation and purification. In addition, the reaction can achieve gram-scale synthesis, and lays a foundation for actual applications.

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPR X4 generally, or for treating a MRGPR X4 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPR X4 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein n, x, A, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Z, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as to compounds themselves, are also provided.

Provided are a novel ester-based compound and a use thereof. A use of a novel ester-based compound for improving heat resistance and compatibility as a plasticizer is provided. When the ester-based compound according to the present invention is used as the plasticizer of a heat-resistant resin composition, a synergistic effect on improvement of physical properties such as migration resistance and heating loss is provided to contribute to improvement of the physical properties of a molded article, and due to a rapid absorption rate and a short melting time, processability of the heat-resistant resin composition may be improved.

A compound (A) of the present invention is represented by the formula (1): wherein each R.sub.1 independently represents a group represented by the formula (2) or a hydrogen atom, and each R.sub.2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that at least one R.sub.1 is a group represented by the formula (2); and wherein -* represents a bonding hand.