Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to the hydroformylation of cyclododecatriene to form cyclododecatriene trialdehyde, and the conversion of the trialdehyde to the polyphenols of Formula 1: ##STR00001##
where R, m p and Q are as defined herein. Curable compositions comprising compounds of Formula 1, including powder coating compositions, and methods of curing the compositions are also disclosed.

The present invention provides, inter alia, a compound having the structure: (Formula (I). Also provided are compositions containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound according to the present invention. Further provided are methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of an excitotoxic disorder in a subject, methods of modulating ferroptosis in a subject, methods of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell, and methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a neurodegenerative disease. ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to the hydroformylation of cyclododecatriene to form cyclododecatriene trialdehyde, and the conversion of the trialdehyde to the polyphenols of Formula 1:

##STR00001##

where R, m p and Q are as defined herein. Curable compositions comprising compounds of Formula 1, including powder coating compositions, and methods of curing the compositions are also disclosed.

Provided are industrial processes for producing an organic acid alky ester from a feedstock containing organic acids and/or saponifiables, comprising: countercurrently contacting a feedstock with an organic alkylating reagent over two or more vessels or stages at temperature between 100 C. and 400 C. and pressure between 0.1 barg and 355 barg while simultaneously removing water and/or glycerin with unreacted alkylating reagent from the final vessel or stage to result in a first reaction method product containing organic acid alkyl esters, followed by a choice of using the alkyl esters as-is, purifying the organic acid alkyl esters from the first reaction product mixture or subjecting the first reaction product mixture to an additional transesterification reaction to convert saponifiables into additional organic acid alkyl esters, then purifying the organic acid alkyl esters from this second reaction method product.

A material for a hole-transport layer includes a monoamine compound. The first aromatic group, the second aromatic group, and the third aromatic group are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first and second aromatic groups each independently include 1 to 3 benzene rings. One or both of the first and second aromatic groups have one or more hydrocarbon groups each having 1 to 12 carbon atoms each forming a bond only by the sp.sup.3 hybrid orbitals. The total number of the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group in the first or second aromatic group is 6 or more. The total number of the carbon atoms in all of the hydrocarbon groups in the first and second aromatic groups is 8 or more. The third aromatic group is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic condensed ring or a substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic or tricyclic condensed ring.

A material for a hole-transport layer includes a monoamine compound. The first aromatic group, the second aromatic group, and the third aromatic group are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine compound. The first and second aromatic groups each independently include 1 to 3 benzene rings. One or both of the first and second aromatic groups have one or more hydrocarbon groups each having 1 to 12 carbon atoms each forming a bond only by the sp.sup.3 hybrid orbitals. The total number of the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group in the first or second aromatic group is 6 or more. The total number of the carbon atoms in all of the hydrocarbon groups in the first and second aromatic groups is 8 or more. The third aromatic group is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic condensed ring or a substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic or tricyclic condensed ring.

A novel organic compound is provided. A novel organic compound having a carrier-transport property is provided. A novel organic compound having a hole-transport property is provided. An organic compound having a low refractive index is provided. An organic compound having a low refractive index and a carrier-transport property is provided. An organic compound having a low refractive index and a hole-transport property is provided. An organic compound represented by the following general formula (G1) is provided.

##STR00001##

Provided are industrial processes for producing an organic acid alky ester from a feedstock containing organic acids and/or saponifiables, comprising: countercurrently contacting a feedstock with an organic alkylating reagent over two or more vessels or stages at temperature between 100 C. and 400 C. and pressure between 0.1 barg and 355 barg while simultaneously removing water and/or glycerin with unreacted alkylating reagent from the final vessel or stage to result in a first reaction method product containing organic acid alkyl esters, followed by a choice of using the alkyl esters as-is, purifying the organic acid alkyl esters from the first reaction product mixture or subjecting the first reaction product mixture to an additional transesterification reaction to convert saponifiables into additional organic acid alkyl esters, then purifying the organic acid alkyl esters from this second reaction method product.