Carbon monoxide-releasing organic molecules are described herein. The molecules can be synthesized prior to administration (e.g., ex vivo) or formed in vivo. In those embodiments where the molecules are formed in vivo, reactants are administered under physiological conditions and undergo a cycloaddition reaction to form a product which releases carbon monoxide. In applying such reactions for therapeutic applications in vivo, the cycloaddition and CO release typically occur only under near-physiological or physiological conditions. For example, in some embodiments, the cycloaddition reaction and/or release of carbon monoxide occur at a temperature of about 37° C. and pH of about 7.4. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for release carbon monoxide are also described.

An organic compound, a three-dimensional organic structure formed by using the organic compound, a separation sieve and an optical layer having the organic structure, and an optical device having the optical layer as an optical amplification layer are provided. The organic structure includes a plurality of organic molecules self-assembled by non-covalent bonding. Each of the unit organic molecules has an aromatic ring, a first pair of substituents being connected to immediately adjacent positions of substitutable positions of the aromatic ring, and a second pair of substituents being connected to immediately adjacent positions of remaining substitutable positions of the aromatic ring. The unit organic molecules are self-assembled by van der Waals interaction, London dispersion interaction or hydrogen bonding between the first and the second pairs of the substituents and by pi-pi interactions between the aromatic rings.

The present disclosure provides certain tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[cd]indene compounds that are Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitors and are therefore useful for the treatment of diseases treatable by inhibition of HIF-2α. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and processes for preparing such compounds.

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. The organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage and/or luminous efficiency can be provided by using the organic electroluminescent compound according to the present disclosure.

An electrochromic compound represented by the following formula (1) is provided: ##STR00001## where each of R.sub.1 to R.sub.9 and Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.6 independently represents one of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a monovalent organic group, a group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are bound to each other via a covalent bond, a group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are condensed with each other to form a ring, and a polymerizable functional group; and at least one of Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.6 represents an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are bound to each other via a covalent bond, or a group in which at least two aryl or heteroaryl groups are condensed with each other to form a ring.

An organic light-emitting medium including a pyrene derivative represented by the following formula (1) and a phenyl-substituted anthracene derivative represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

An organic compound represented by formula [1] is provided.

##STR00001##

Ring A is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring having a fluoranthene skeleton and having 16 to 60 carbon atoms and optionally has, as a substituent, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or the like. Rings B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are aromatic hydrocarbon rings having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and each have two or more electron withdrawing groups. Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 respectively represent one of the electron withdrawing groups of the ring B.sub.1 and one of the electron withdrawing groups of the ring B.sub.2, and are respectively located at an ortho position of the ring B.sub.1 and at an ortho position of the ring B.sub.2 with respect to the ring A.

A light emitting element of one or more embodiments may include a first electrode, a second electrode provided on the first electrode, and at least one functional layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The at least one functional layer may include an amine compound of one or more embodiments, represented by Formula 1. Accordingly, the light emitting element of one or more embodiments may show a low driving voltage, high luminance, high efficiency and long-life characteristics.

##STR00001##

Provided are compounds and compositions that inhibit glucose-induced growth signaling and methods of using same. The compounds may be suitable to treat glycolytic cancers, such as, for example, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The compounds may be used to inhibit or partially inhibit glucose-promoted tumor cell proliferation, NME-1 catalyzed histidine phosphorylation of FAK, and FAK interaction with RBI. The compounds may have the following structure:

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. The organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage and/or current efficiency characteristics can be provided by comprising the organic electroluminescent compound according to the present disclosure.