Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

A fused ring compound and applications thereof in organic electronic components, particularly in organic electroluminescent diodes; an organic electronic component comprising the fused ring compound, and applications thereof in organic electroluminescent diodes and in display and lighting technologies; and a formulation comprising the fused ring compound, and applications thereof in the preparation of organic electronic components. By optimizing the component structure, good component performance can be achieved, and especially, a high-performance OLED component can be implemented, which provide good material and preparation technology choices for full-color display and lighting applications.

The disclosure provides for coating compositions comprising macrocycles and salts in aqueous buffer and the use of the coating composition to prevent absorption of small molecules into polymeric surfaces.

An electrochromic compound represented by the following formula (1) is provided: ##STR00001## where each of R.sub.1 to R.sub.9 and Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.6 independently represents one of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a monovalent organic group, a group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are bound to each other via a covalent bond, a group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are condensed with each other to form a ring, and a polymerizable functional group; and at least one of Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.6 represents an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are bound to each other via a covalent bond, or a group in which at least two aryl or heteroaryl groups are condensed with each other to form a ring.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a repeat unit defined by ##STR00001##
where each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 includes at least one of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and/or a first hydrocarbon chain having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms, inclusively, where each of A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 and A.sub.4 are either a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, when A.sub.1 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.2 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.2 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.1 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.3 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.4 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.4 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.3 is a carbon atom, either A.sub.1 or A.sub.2 form a covalent bond, x, with a carbon atom, a, either A.sub.3 or A.sub.4 form a covalent bond, y, with a carbon atom, b, L is a linker group that includes an aromatic ring, and n is between 1 and 20, inclusively.

A compound having the formula (I): ##STR00001##
is disclosed. Methods of preparing the compound of formula (I) are also disclosed. The compound of formula (I) can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III) in an organic solvent with EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide). The compound of formula (I) can also be prepared by reacting the compound of formula (II) with the compound of formula (III) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a solvent with silicomolybdic acid as a catalyst.

An organic light-emitting medium including a pyrene derivative represented by the following formula (1) and a phenyl-substituted anthracene derivative represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

An organic compound represented by formula [1] is provided.

##STR00001##

Ring A is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring having a fluoranthene skeleton and having 16 to 60 carbon atoms and optionally has, as a substituent, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or the like. Rings B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are aromatic hydrocarbon rings having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and each have two or more electron withdrawing groups. Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 respectively represent one of the electron withdrawing groups of the ring B.sub.1 and one of the electron withdrawing groups of the ring B.sub.2, and are respectively located at an ortho position of the ring B.sub.1 and at an ortho position of the ring B.sub.2 with respect to the ring A.

A three step synthesis of the 8,12-dihydro-4H-dibenzo[cd,mn]pyren-3a.sup.2-ylium cation (triangulenium cation) is effected by cascade cyclization of a tetra-benzyl alcohol precursor in triflic acid solution. This cation is easily observed by NMR and optical spectroscopy. Quenching of the cation into basic solutions or by hydride transfer from triethylsilane provides access to stable dihydro and tetrahydro[3]triangulenes. This route makes several [3]triangulene precursors more readily available for development of new applications in the field of molecular electronics.