Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

There is provided a compound having Formula I, Formula II, or Formula III.

##STR00001##

The variables are described in detail herein.

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound represented by formula 1, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the organic electroluminescent compound of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage, luminous efficiency, lifetime properties, and/or power efficiency.

An organic compound represented by the following formula [1] or [2]:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.22 independently denote a substituent selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, and/or R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 may be bonded together to form a ring structure.

Hole injection layer and charge generation layer containing a truxene based compound are disclosed for organic electronic devices. By applying the truxene based compound for the hole injection layer, low driving voltage, high efficiency and long lifetime of the device can be achieved. In addition, a P-type charge generation layer comprising the truxene based compound can be used in tandem OLEDs structure and can further improve the voltage, efficiency and lifetime of the device.

A compound is represented by a formula (2) below. In the formula (2), at least one pair of a pair of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2, a pair of X.sub.2 and X.sub.3, a pair of X.sub.3 and X.sub.4, a pair of X.sub.4 and X.sub.5, a pair of X.sub.7 and X.sub.8, a pair of X.sub.8 and X.sub.9, a pair of X.sub.10 and X.sub.11, a pair of X.sub.11 and X.sub.12, a pair of X.sub.12 and X.sub.13, and a pair of X.sub.16 and X.sub.1 are carbon atoms to be bonded to a structure represented by as formula (2a) or (2b) below, ##STR00001##

An active light-emitting layer composition including a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule with TADF properties as a host material and a luminescent molecule with circularly polarized (CP) properties as a dopant. Also, a light-emitting device, such as an organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), including the active light-emitting layer made of this composition.

A three step synthesis of the 8,12-dihydro-4H-dibenzo[cd,mn]pyren-3a.sup.2-ylium cation (triangulenium cation) is effected by cascade cyclization of a tetra-benzyl alcohol precursor in triflic acid solution. This cation is easily observed by NMR and optical spectroscopy. Quenching of the cation into basic solutions or by hydride transfer from triethylsilane provides access to stable dihydro and tetrahydro[3]triangulenes. This route makes several [3]triangulene precursors more readily available for development of new applications in the field of molecular electronics.

The present application relates to a compound of a formula (I) or formula (II) which is suitable for use as functional material in an electronic device, especially as emitter material in an organic electroluminescent device.

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound, an organic electroluminescent material comprising the same, and an organic electroluminescent device. By comprising an organic electroluminescent compound according to the present disclosure and an organic electroluminescent material comprising the same, an organic electroluminescent device having low driving voltage and/or high luminous efficiency and/or long lifespan can be provided.