An organic compound represented by the following formula [1] or [2]:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.22 independently denote a substituent selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, and/or R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 may be bonded together to form a ring structure.

Compounds as IDO inhibitors and/or dual inhibitors of IDO-HDAC are described. Specifically, the compounds represented by the following formula (I) are described, wherein each group is defined as described in the specification. The compounds have IDO inhibitory activity or IDO-HDAC dual inhibitory activity and can be used for preventing or treating diseases associated with IDO and/or IDO-HDAC activity or expression levels. At the same time, the compounds of the present invention can be combined with an anti-tumor antibody such as PD-1 and PD-L1, and such a combination can greatly increase the anti-tumor response rate of the antibody and broaden the types of tumors to be treated. ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are substituted phenyl compounds of formula I as defined herein that may be utilized as inhibitors of the interaction between the subunits of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels, such as HCN1, and an auxiliary subunit of HCN channels which is the tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b). The disclosed compounds may be used in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating neurological diseases and disorders such as depression, and in particular Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Disclosed herein are substituted phenyl compounds of formula I as defined herein that may be utilized as inhibitors of the interaction between the subunits of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels, such as HCN1, and an auxiliary subunit of HCN channels which is the tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b). The disclosed compounds may be used in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating neurological diseases and disorders such as depression, and in particular Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

An iridium complex compound represented by formula (5). Provided is an iridium complex compound that is useful as a material for a light-emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent element, has a narrow half-width of the emission spectrum thereof, has high solubility in a solvent, and has a short wavelength that is not too long and is suitable as a red-light-emitting material.

##STR00001##

where in formula (5), Ir represents an iridium atom. X represents a bidentate ligand. m represents an integer of 1 to 3. R.sup.1 to R.sup.22 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Adjacent substituents are optionally bonded together to form a ring. At least one of R.sup.13, R.sup.17, R.sup.18, and R.sup.22 represents a substituent other than a hydrogen atom.

The present disclosure relates to an organic photoelectric functional material, a method for the same, usage of the same, and a light-emitting device. The organic photoelectric functional material has electroluminescence and electron transportation properties. The organic photoelectric functional material is selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by formula I and formula II, and combinations thereof. If the organic photoelectric functional material is used as an electroluminescence material, light emission thereof can be adjusted by modifying a quinoline moiety thereof with a substituent, and a luminous range thereof is about 345 nm to about 700 nm. If the organic photoelectric functional material is used as an electron transporting-type host material which, together with hole-type host material, forms an exciplex co-host system, a light-emitting device prepared therefrom has improved stability and efficiency when compared with a light-emitting device prepared from a traditional host material. ##STR00001##

Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbone precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.

Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbone precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.

The present disclosure relates to reagents and method for performing trifluoromethylation, difluoromethylation or alkylation of aromatic or heteroaromatic rings in a redox-neutral manner without any catalyst which are enabled by light. In addition, there are methods for synthesizing the starting reagents used in the trifluoromethylation, difluoromethylation or alkylation reactions.

The present disclosure relates to a novel heterocyclic compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and to an organic light emitting device comprising the same:

##STR00001##

wherein, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, m, n and o are described herein.