To provide an organic electroluminescence device having high luminous efficiency (for example, external quantum efficiency) and high durability and causing little chromaticity shift after device deterioration.

An organic electroluminescence device material comprising a substrate having thereon a pair of electrode and at least one organic layer between the electrodes, the organic layer containing a light emitting layer, wherein any one layer of the organic layer contains, for example, as shown below, a metal complex having a group represented by formula (I).

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Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbone precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.

Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbone precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.

[Disclosed is] a high-efficiency and durable organic electroluminescent element having a low drive voltage, being an organic electroluminescent element having on a substrate a pair of electrodes comprising an anode and a cathode and at least one organic layer including a light-emitting layer between these electrodes, with this organic electroluminescent element containing a specific compound having a dibenzothiophene or dibenzofuran structure and a phenanthrene structure in at least one layer out of the aforementioned at least one organic layer. [Also disclosed is] this specific compound.

[Disclosed is] a high-efficiency and durable organic electroluminescent element having a low drive voltage, being an organic electroluminescent element having on a substrate a pair of electrodes comprising an anode and a cathode and at least one organic layer including a light-emitting layer between these electrodes, with this organic electroluminescent element containing a specific compound having a dibenzothiophene or dibenzofuran structure and a phenanthrene structure in at least one layer out of the aforementioned at least one organic layer. [Also disclosed is] this specific compound.

The present invention relates to an electroluminescence device having high luminous efficiency (for example, external quantum efficiency) and high durability and causing little chromaticity shift after device deterioration. The present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescence device material comprising a substrate having thereon a pair of electrode and at least one organic layer between the electrodes, the organic layer containing a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer contains a metal complex having a group represented by formula (I).

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The present invention relates to an electroluminescence device having high luminous efficiency (for example, external quantum efficiency) and high durability and causing little chromaticity shift after device deterioration. The present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescence device material comprising a substrate having thereon a pair of electrode and at least one organic layer between the electrodes, the organic layer containing a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer contains a metal complex having a group represented by formula (I).

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The present invention provides compounds for the treatment of a bacterial infection. Additionally, the present invention provides compositions and methods for using these compounds and compositions in the treatment of a bacterial infection in a subject.

The present invention provides compounds for the treatment of a bacterial infection. Additionally, the present invention provides compositions and methods for using these compounds and compositions in the treatment of a bacterial infection in a subject.

New derivatives of ciprofloxacin of the general formula (I) show antibacterial properties. The compounds can be used in medicine and veterinary.

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where R=

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