A small molecule compound of a NO donor is a compound shown in the following structural formula I or a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, a racemate, a deuterated isotopic derivative, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof;

##STR00001##

wherein a ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring; X is selected from (CH.sub.2); R is a substituent of terminal —O—NO2; R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a halogen, an amino group, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, or an amino protecting group.

A small molecule compound of a NO donor is a compound shown in the following structural formula I or a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, a racemate, a deuterated isotopic derivative, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof;

##STR00001##

wherein a ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring; X is selected from (CH.sub.2); R is a substituent of terminal —O—NO2; R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a halogen, an amino group, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, or an amino protecting group.

Novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative compounds are disclosed herein that may be used as an active ingredient for a pharmaceutical composition, and in particular, for a pharmaceutical composition useful for preventing or treating a disease or condition responsive to modulation of the contractility of the skeletal sarcomere. This may be accomplished, for example, by modulation of the troponin complex of the fast skeletal muscle sarcomere through one or more of fast skeletal myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T, and fragments and isoforms thereof. The tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative compounds can thus be used as an agent for preventing or treating 1) neuromuscular disorders, 2) disorders of voluntary muscle, 3) CNS disorders in which muscle weakness, atrophy, and fatigue are prominent symptoms, 4) muscle symptoms stemming from systemic disorders, and 5) dysfunctions of pelvic floor and urethral/anal sphincter muscle.

Novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative compounds are disclosed herein that may be used as an active ingredient for a pharmaceutical composition, and in particular, for a pharmaceutical composition useful for preventing or treating a disease or condition responsive to modulation of the contractility of the skeletal sarcomere. This may be accomplished, for example, by modulation of the troponin complex of the fast skeletal muscle sarcomere through one or more of fast skeletal myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T, and fragments and isoforms thereof. The tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative compounds can thus be used as an agent for preventing or treating 1) neuromuscular disorders, 2) disorders of voluntary muscle, 3) CNS disorders in which muscle weakness, atrophy, and fatigue are prominent symptoms, 4) muscle symptoms stemming from systemic disorders, and 5) dysfunctions of pelvic floor and urethral/anal sphincter muscle.

Disclosed is a fused ring compound and an application thereof. Disclosed is a fused ring compound represented by formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an isotope compound, a crystal form, a nitrogen oxide, a solvate, or a solvate of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The fused ring compound of the present invention has high P2X4 antagonistic activity, excellent selectivity, low toxicity and excellent metabolic stability.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a fused ring compound and an application thereof. Disclosed is a fused ring compound represented by formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an isotope compound, a crystal form, a nitrogen oxide, a solvate, or a solvate of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The fused ring compound of the present invention has high P2X4 antagonistic activity, excellent selectivity, low toxicity and excellent metabolic stability.

##STR00001##

Described herein is an iron(II)-phthalocyanine catalyzed C—H bond amination of alkyl azides. The catalyst is effective to produce intramolecular amination of saturated C—H bonds in moderate to excellent yields and the methods are tolerant of a wide scope of substrates. The methods described are useful for the synthesis of natural products derivatives and for the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals.

Described herein is an iron(II)-phthalocyanine catalyzed C—H bond amination of alkyl azides. The catalyst is effective to produce intramolecular amination of saturated C—H bonds in moderate to excellent yields and the methods are tolerant of a wide scope of substrates. The methods described are useful for the synthesis of natural products derivatives and for the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals.

7- or 8-hydroxy-isoquinoline and 7- or 8-hydroxy-quinoline derivatives as alpha-1-antitrypsin modulators for treating alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).

Provided is a method for preparing isoquinolinone compounds. The preparation method has the advantages of a reasonable route, convenient and easy operations, high preparation yield, high purity, and suitability for industrial production.