Described herein is an enzyme-mediated approach to bioconjugation at nanoparticle (NP) surfaces. This process is enabled by a new synthetic linker compatible with the covalent attachment of alkyne modified substrates, including dyes, peptides and nucleic acids. The methods described herein specifically allow for the linkage of molecules to a DNA-functionalized nanoparticle surface. Enzymatic ligation of molecules to the terminal hydroxyl group of DNA using T4 DNA ligase is achieved through incorporation of a single monophosphate on the approaching substrate. In contrast to previous strategies, the linkers disclosed herein are compatible with alkyne modified molecules of a variety of sizes and charges indicating that the ligase minimally requires the monophosphate and the incoming hydroxyl for conjugation to be successful.

Described herein is an enzyme-mediated approach to bioconjugation at nanoparticle (NP) surfaces. This process is enabled by a new synthetic linker compatible with the covalent attachment of alkyne modified substrates, including dyes, peptides and nucleic acids. The methods described herein specifically allow for the linkage of molecules to a DNA-functionalized nanoparticle surface. Enzymatic ligation of molecules to the terminal hydroxyl group of DNA using T4 DNA ligase is achieved through incorporation of a single monophosphate on the approaching substrate. In contrast to previous strategies, the linkers disclosed herein are compatible with alkyne modified molecules of a variety of sizes and charges indicating that the ligase minimally requires the monophosphate and the incoming hydroxyl for conjugation to be successful.

The present invention provides a novel compound having an antiviral activity, in particular, an HIV replication inhibiting activity, as well as a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, an anti-HIV agent.

##STR00001##

wherein ring A is substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle; R.sup.1 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl etc.; R.sup.2 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy etc.; n is 1 or 2; R.sup.3 is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom etc.; R.sup.6 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl etc.

The present invention provides a novel compound having an antiviral activity, in particular, an HIV replication inhibiting activity, as well as a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, an anti-HIV agent.

##STR00001##

wherein ring A is substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle; R.sup.1 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl etc.; R.sup.2 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy etc.; n is 1 or 2; R.sup.3 is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom etc.; R.sup.6 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl etc.

Provided is a method for the functionalization of immunoglobulins through the use of transglutaminase, including methods for screening functionalized antibodies for characteristics of interest, antibody compositions comprising a plurality of functionalized antibodies, and functionalized antibodies with rodent constant regions.

The invention relates in a first aspect to an azadibenzocyclooctyne derivative according to formula (I) or a salt thereof having specific substituents at the benzo rings of the DIBAC structure and having specific substituents connected to the nitrogen atom of the DIBAC structure. A second aspect of the invention is directed to a conjugate of formula (II), wherein a substituent R.sup.6 is connected to the N atom of the 8 membered ring of the DIBAC structure via a linker structure C(?O)-[L].sub.n-Z. A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for the modification of a target molecule, wherein a conjugate according to the second aspect is reacted with a target molecule comprising a 1,3-dipole group or a 1,3-(hetero)diene group. In a fourth aspect, the invention is directed to the use of the conjugate according to the second aspect for bioorthogonal labeling and/or modification of a target molecule. A fifth aspect of the invention relates to a modified target molecule comprising the reaction product of a conjugate according to the second aspect and a target molecule comprising a 1,3-dipole group or a 1,3-(hetero)diene group, obtained or obtainable from the method of the third aspect. In a sixth aspect, the invention is related to a kit comprising a modified target molecule according to the fifth aspect as detector reagent and a suitable capture reagent.

The invention relates in a first aspect to an azadibenzocyclooctyne derivative according to formula (I) or a salt thereof having specific substituents at the benzo rings of the DIBAC structure and having specific substituents connected to the nitrogen atom of the DIBAC structure. A second aspect of the invention is directed to a conjugate of formula (II), wherein a substituent R.sup.6 is connected to the N atom of the 8 membered ring of the DIBAC structure via a linker structure C(?O)-[L].sub.n-Z. A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for the modification of a target molecule, wherein a conjugate according to the second aspect is reacted with a target molecule comprising a 1,3-dipole group or a 1,3-(hetero)diene group. In a fourth aspect, the invention is directed to the use of the conjugate according to the second aspect for bioorthogonal labeling and/or modification of a target molecule. A fifth aspect of the invention relates to a modified target molecule comprising the reaction product of a conjugate according to the second aspect and a target molecule comprising a 1,3-dipole group or a 1,3-(hetero)diene group, obtained or obtainable from the method of the third aspect. In a sixth aspect, the invention is related to a kit comprising a modified target molecule according to the fifth aspect as detector reagent and a suitable capture reagent.

A process is provided, comprising reacting a (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound with a (hetero)cycloalkyne, wherein the (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound comprises a 1,3-dipole functional group bonded to a (hetero)aryl group, and wherein the (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound is a (hetero)aryl azide or a (hetero)aryl diazo compound; wherein: (i) the (hetero)aryl group of the (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound comprises a substituent (ii) the (hetero)aryl group of the (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound is an electron-poor (hetero)aryl group
and wherein the (hetero)cycloalkyne is a (hetero)cyclooctyne or a (hetero)cyclononyne according to Formula (1). The invention also relates to the products obtainable by the process according to the invention.

A process is provided, comprising reacting a (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound with a (hetero)cycloalkyne, wherein the (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound comprises a 1,3-dipole functional group bonded to a (hetero)aryl group, and wherein the (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound is a (hetero)aryl azide or a (hetero)aryl diazo compound; wherein: (i) the (hetero)aryl group of the (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound comprises a substituent (ii) the (hetero)aryl group of the (hetero)aryl 1,3-dipole compound is an electron-poor (hetero)aryl group
and wherein the (hetero)cycloalkyne is a (hetero)cyclooctyne or a (hetero)cyclononyne according to Formula (1). The invention also relates to the products obtainable by the process according to the invention.

Described herein is an enzyme-mediated approach to bioconjugation at nanoparticle (NP) surfaces. This process is enabled by a new synthetic linker compatible with the covalent attachment of alkyne modified substrates, including dyes, peptides and nucleic acids. The methods described herein specifically allow for the linkage of molecules to a DNA-functionalized nanoparticle surface. Enzymatic ligation of molecules to the terminal hydroxyl group of DNA using T4 DNA ligase is achieved through incorporation of a single monophosphate on the approaching substrate. In contrast to previous strategies, the linkers disclosed herein are compatible with alkyne modified molecules of a variety of sizes and charges indicating that the ligase minimally requires the monophosphate and the incoming hydroxyl for conjugation to be successful.