Disclosed herein are tucaresol derivative compound and composition containing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of enhancing immune response in a subject by administering the tucaresol derivative compound or by co-administering the tucaresol derivative compound and one or more additional agents. Also disclosed herein are use of the tucaresol derivative compound and composition containing the same in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer or enhancing immune response in a subject.

Disclosed herein are tucaresol derivative compound and composition containing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of enhancing immune response in a subject by administering the tucaresol derivative compound or by co-administering the tucaresol derivative compound and one or more additional agents. Also disclosed herein are use of the tucaresol derivative compound and composition containing the same in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer or enhancing immune response in a subject.

The present invention relates to pegylated amino acid compounds of Formula I:

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3A, R.sup.3B and n are as defined herein. The present invention also relates to compositions which comprise a pegylated amino acid compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in combination with a high concentration of an active biological ingredient (ABI). In embodiments of the invention, the ABI is an anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that specifically binds human programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1). The invention further relates to methods for lowering the viscosity of an aqueous solution of a pharmaceutical composition comprising adding a compound of the invention to the solution. The invention also provides methods for treating a pathological disease or condition, such as cancer, by administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of the invention.

The present invention relates to pegylated amino acid compounds of Formula I:

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3A, R.sup.3B and n are as defined herein. The present invention also relates to compositions which comprise a pegylated amino acid compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in combination with a high concentration of an active biological ingredient (ABI). In embodiments of the invention, the ABI is an anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that specifically binds human programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1). The invention further relates to methods for lowering the viscosity of an aqueous solution of a pharmaceutical composition comprising adding a compound of the invention to the solution. The invention also provides methods for treating a pathological disease or condition, such as cancer, by administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of the invention.

A method for a high yield production of a difluoromethyl-substituted aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by formula (II), which includes reacting an N-oxido aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by formula (I) with tetrafluoroethylene in a solvent selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, an ester solvent, and an ether solvent.

##STR00001##

A method for producing an aromatic heterocycle-substituted difluoroacetic acid derivative having a partial structure represented by the formula (III), by reacting an N-oxido aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by the formula (I) with tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a compound represented by the formula (II): R—YH, in a solvent selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, an ester solvent and an ether solvent:

##STR00001##

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPR X4 generally, or for treating a MRGPR X4 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPR X4 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein n, x, A, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Z, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as to compounds themselves, are also provided.

Disclosed herein are new antiviral compounds, together with pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more antiviral compounds, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a paramyxovirus viral infection with one or more small molecule compounds. Examples of paramyxovirus infection include an infection caused by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Disclosed herein are new antiviral compounds, together with pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more antiviral compounds, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a paramyxovirus viral infection with one or more small molecule compounds. Examples of paramyxovirus infection include an infection caused by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

The present invention relates to a method for preparing dexmedetomidine having the following formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof, comprising the following successive steps: a) asymmetric hydrogenation of a methylene derivative of the following formula (II): in order to obtain dexmedetomidine, and b) optionally salifying and/or solvating dexmedetomidine in order to obtain a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate of dexmedetomidine, wherein the methylene derivative of formula (II) is prepared from a halide of the following formula (V), in which Hal.sub.2 represents a halogen atom such as Br, and a cyanoimidazole of the following formula (VI). The present invention relates also to methods for preparing synthesis intermediates of dexmedetomidine from the halide of formula (V) and the cyanoimidazole of formula (VI), these synthesis intermediates being the methylene derivative of formula (II), an alcohol of the following formula (III), and a ketone of the following formula (IV).

##STR00001##