This disclosure describes enantiomerically enriched chiral molecular sieves and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the molecular sieves are silicates or germanosilicates of STW topology.

Methods of inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta isoform (PI3K) activity, and methods of treating diseases, such as disorders of immunity and inflammation, in which PI3K plays a role in leukocyte function are disclosed. Preferably, the methods employ active agents that selectively inhibit PI3K, while not significantly inhibiting activity of other PI3K isoforms. Compounds are provided that inhibit PI3K activity, including compounds that selectively inhibit PI3K activity. Methods of using PI3K inhibitory compounds to inhibit cancer cell growth or proliferation are also provided. Accordingly, the invention provides methods of using PI3K inhibitory compounds to inhibit PI3K-mediated processes in vitro and in vivo.

Methods of inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta isoform (PI3K) activity, and methods of treating diseases, such as disorders of immunity and inflammation, in which PI3K plays a role in leukocyte function are disclosed. Preferably, the methods employ active agents that selectively inhibit PI3K, while not significantly inhibiting activity of other PI3K isoforms. Compounds are provided that inhibit PI3K activity, including compounds that selectively inhibit PI3K activity. Methods of using PI3K inhibitory compounds to inhibit cancer cell growth or proliferation are also provided. Accordingly, the invention provides methods of using PI3K inhibitory compounds to inhibit PI3K-mediated processes in vitro and in vivo.

The invention provides a method of improving an antioxidant effect in a redox pathway that involves selenium in a subject, an in vitro method of inhibiting oxidation in a cell or tissue, and an in vitro method of promoting proliferation of a cell, by use of a selenium-containing compound of chemical formula 1: ##STR00001##

The invention provides a method of improving an antioxidant effect in a redox pathway that involves selenium in a subject, an in vitro method of inhibiting oxidation in a cell or tissue, and an in vitro method of promoting proliferation of a cell, by use of a selenium-containing compound of chemical formula 1: ##STR00001##

Methods of inhibiting phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase delta isoform (PI3K) activity, and methods of treating disease, such as disorders of immunity and inflammation, in which PI3K plays a role in leukocyte function are disclosed. Preferably, the methods employ active agents that selectively inhibit PI3K, while not significantly inhibiting activity of other PI3K isoforms. Compounds are provided that inhibit PI3K activity, including compounds that selectively inhibit PI3K activity. Methods of using PI3K inhibitory compounds to inhibit cancer cell growth or proliferation are also provided. Accordingly, the invention provides methods of using PI3K inhibitory compounds to inhibit PI3K-mediated processes in vitro and in vivo.

Methods of inhibiting phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase delta isoform (PI3K) activity, and methods of treating disease, such as disorders of immunity and inflammation, in which PI3K plays a role in leukocyte function are disclosed. Preferably, the methods employ active agents that selectively inhibit PI3K, while not significantly inhibiting activity of other PI3K isoforms. Compounds are provided that inhibit PI3K activity, including compounds that selectively inhibit PI3K activity. Methods of using PI3K inhibitory compounds to inhibit cancer cell growth or proliferation are also provided. Accordingly, the invention provides methods of using PI3K inhibitory compounds to inhibit PI3K-mediated processes in vitro and in vivo.

A process for the total synthesis of selenoneine, iso-selenoneine, and isomers thereof is disclosed herein. Regarding the synthesis of selenoneine, the process comprises reacting an alkylated L-histidine methyl ester with a stable, acid-labile alkylating agent followed by reaction with elemental selenium under mildly basic conditions; and an acidic hydrolysis step. Regarding the synthesis of iso-selenoneine, the process comprises reacting hercynine with an electrophilic RSeX species, wherein the RSeX species is obtained by reaction of an alkyl diselenide with X.sub.2, and wherein X is F, Cl, Br or I; and a deprotection reaction.

A process for the total synthesis of selenoneine, iso-selenoneine, and isomers thereof is disclosed herein. Regarding the synthesis of selenoneine, the process comprises reacting an alkylated L-histidine methyl ester with a stable, acid-labile alkylating agent followed by reaction with elemental selenium under mildly basic conditions; and an acidic hydrolysis step. Regarding the synthesis of iso-selenoneine, the process comprises reacting hercynine with an electrophilic RSeX species, wherein the RSeX species is obtained by reaction of an alkyl diselenide with X.sub.2, and wherein X is F, Cl, Br or I; and a deprotection reaction.