Provided herein are novel ligands and pharmaceutical compositions thereof which modulate IL-17A. Also provided are methods for preparing the IL-17A modulators. Such compounds may be useful in the treatment and/or prevention of, for example, inflammation, cancer or autoimmune disease.

Provided herein piperazine and piperidine derivatives, their synthesis and use thereof in inhibiting VDAC oligomerization, apoptosis and mitochondria dysfunction. Also provided methods of treatment of diseases associated with said processes, e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Provided herein piperazine and piperidine derivatives, their synthesis and use thereof in inhibiting VDAC oligomerization, apoptosis and mitochondria dysfunction. Also provided methods of treatment of diseases associated with said processes, e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Compounds and methods of treating HIV-1 in a human infected with HIV-1 or preventing HIV-1 infection in a human susceptible to infection with HIV-1 are provided. The compounds are of formula (I), (II), and (IA), wherein R.sup.1-R.sup.7, X, X′, Y, Y′, Z, and n are defined herein, and the methods comprises administering therapeutically effective amounts of these compounds to the human.

##STR00001##

Compounds and methods of treating HIV-1 in a human infected with HIV-1 or preventing HIV-1 infection in a human susceptible to infection with HIV-1 are provided. The compounds are of formula (I), (II), and (IA), wherein R.sup.1-R.sup.7, X, X′, Y, Y′, Z, and n are defined herein, and the methods comprises administering therapeutically effective amounts of these compounds to the human.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides compounds useful as inhibitors of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

The present invention provides compounds useful as inhibitors of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

The invention provides heterocyclic compounds with quaternary centers and methods of preparing compounds. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of Formula (II):

##STR00001##

comprising treating a compound of Formula (I):

##STR00002##

with a transition metal catalyst and under alkylation conditions as valence and stability permit.

The invention provides heterocyclic compounds with quaternary centers and methods of preparing compounds. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of Formula (II):

##STR00001##

comprising treating a compound of Formula (I):

##STR00002##

with a transition metal catalyst and under alkylation conditions as valence and stability permit.

The present embodiment provides a compound represented by the formula (1):

Q-CHR.sub.2  (1)

(Q is a nitrogen-containing aliphatic group containing two or more tertiary nitrogens but no oxygen, and R is an aliphatic group containing a biodegradable group). From the compound in combination with other lipids such as a lipid capable of reducing aggregation, lipid particles can be formed. Further, the compound can be used for a pharmaceutical composition to deliver an activator into cells.