Provided is an optical film containing a cellulose derivative, the optical film having an in-plane retardation Ro.sub.550 within the range of 120 to 160 nm measured at a wavelength of 550 nm under an atmosphere of a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 55%, and a ratio Ro.sub.450/Ro.sub.550 within the range of 0.65 to 0.99, Ro.sub.450/Ro.sub.550 being a ratio of an in-plane retardation Ro.sub.450 measured at a wavelength of 450 nm to the in-plane retardation Ro.sub.550 measured at a wavelength of 550 nm, wherein, a substituent of a glucose skeleton in the cellulose derivative satisfies the requirements (a) and (b) which are described in the specification, and the optical film contains a compound A satisfying the following condition defined by Expression (a1) which is described in the specification.

The present invention is directed to benzyl urea compounds of formula (I) which are tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family protein kinase inhibitors, and hence may be useful in the treatment of pain, inflammation, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, thrombosis, a disease, disorder, injury, or malfunction relating to dysmyelination or demyelination or a disease or disorder associated with abnormal activities of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor Trk-A, Trk-B and/or Trk-C. ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to benzyl urea compounds of formula (I) which are tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family protein kinase inhibitors, and hence may be useful in the treatment of pain, inflammation, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, thrombosis, a disease, disorder, injury, or malfunction relating to dysmyelination or demyelination or a disease or disorder associated with abnormal activities of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor Trk-A, Trk-B and/or Trk-C. ##STR00001##

Described herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds which inhibit cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). Also described herein are methods for using such CSE inhibitors, alone or in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that would benefit from CSE inhibition.

Described herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds which inhibit cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). Also described herein are methods for using such CSE inhibitors, alone or in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that would benefit from CSE inhibition.

Provided is an organic light emitting element having stable performance in the air. The organic light emitting element includes: an anode; a cathode; and a first organic compound layer placed between the anode and the cathode, in which: the organic light emitting element further includes a first organic compound layer placed between the cathode and the emission layer, and a second organic compound layer placed between the emission layer and the first organic compound layer, and brought into contact with the first organic compound layer; the first organic compound layer contains a first organic compound; the second organic compound layer contains a second organic compound; and the first organic compound includes an organic compound represented by the following general formula [1], and the second organic compound includes an organic compound different from the first organic compound ##STR00001##

Provided is an organic light emitting element having stable performance in the air. The organic light emitting element includes: an anode; a cathode; and a first organic compound layer placed between the anode and the cathode, in which: the organic light emitting element further includes a first organic compound layer placed between the cathode and the emission layer, and a second organic compound layer placed between the emission layer and the first organic compound layer, and brought into contact with the first organic compound layer; the first organic compound layer contains a first organic compound; the second organic compound layer contains a second organic compound; and the first organic compound includes an organic compound represented by the following general formula [1], and the second organic compound includes an organic compound different from the first organic compound ##STR00001##

[Problem] Provided is a pharmaceutical, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition which is useful for the treatment of pain. [Means for Solution] The present inventors have made extensive studies using model animals with pain for the purpose of providing a therapeutic agent for pain. As a result, they have found that 11β-hydroxydehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, in particular, a triazole compound having a cyclic group at the 3-position (or 5-position) of a triazole ring has a good effect of ameliorating chronic pain. That is, according to the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition comprising an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, in particular, the triazole compound of the present invention, as an active ingredient, is useful for the treatment of pain (particularly, neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia).

[Problem] Provided is a pharmaceutical, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition which is useful for the treatment of pain. [Means for Solution] The present inventors have made extensive studies using model animals with pain for the purpose of providing a therapeutic agent for pain. As a result, they have found that 11β-hydroxydehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, in particular, a triazole compound having a cyclic group at the 3-position (or 5-position) of a triazole ring has a good effect of ameliorating chronic pain. That is, according to the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition comprising an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, in particular, the triazole compound of the present invention, as an active ingredient, is useful for the treatment of pain (particularly, neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia).

This invention is related to the antifungal compounds having azole structure in Formula (1), and hydrates, solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or geometric isomers thereof. Formula (1). ##STR00001##