The present invention relates to compound having the following Formula (I) a semiconducting layer comprising this compound, an organic electronic device comprising said organic semiconducting layer, as well as to a device comprising the organic electronic device.

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The invention aims to provide a substrate whose water-repellency is less likely to be deteriorated even after long-term use in an ultraviolet-exposure environment. The substrate of the invention includes a surface-treating layer, and exhibits a static contact angle with water of 100 degrees or greater after a 400-hour accelerated weathering test performed under the following conditions: <conditions of accelerated weathering test> preparing a UVB-313 lamp exhibiting an irradiance of 0.63 W/m.sup.2 at a wavelength of 310 nm; placing the surface-treating layer of the substrate apart from the lamp by 5 cm; and after every 24-hour irradiation, wiping the surface-treating layer with a cloth impregnated with water and with a cloth impregnated with ethanol, followed by drying.

Provided herein are methods for treating certain conditions, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administrating a composition comprising a biguanide or related heterocyclic compound, e.g., metformin. Also provided herein are biguanide or related heterocyclic compound compositions, and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention. Also provided herein are compositions comprising metformin and salts thereof and methods of use.

Provided herein are methods for treating certain conditions, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administrating a composition comprising a biguanide or related heterocyclic compound, e.g., metformin. Also provided herein are biguanide or related heterocyclic compound compositions, and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention. Also provided herein are compositions comprising metformin and salts thereof and methods of use.

Disclosed are compounds and methods for treating inflammatory and fibrotic disorders, including methods of modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system with an active compound, wherein the active compound exhibits low potency for inhibition of the p38 MAPK; and wherein the contacting is conducted at a SAPK-modulating concentration that is at a low percentage inhibitory concentration for inhibition of the p38 MAPK by the compound. Also disclosed are derivatives and analogs of pirfenidone, useful for modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system. .[.Mederski et al., Tetrahedron (1999), 55(44), 12757-12770.*.]. .[.Azuma et al., A placebo control and double blind phase II clinical study of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Japan, Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 165:A729 (2002)..]. .[.Badger, et al., Pharmacological profile of SB 203580, a selective inhibitor of cytokine suppressive binding protein/p38 kinase, in animal models of arthritis, bone resorption, endotoxin shock and immune function, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 279:1453-61 (1996)..].

Disclosed are compounds and methods for treating inflammatory and fibrotic disorders, including methods of modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system with an active compound, wherein the active compound exhibits low potency for inhibition of the p38 MAPK; and wherein the contacting is conducted at a SAPK-modulating concentration that is at a low percentage inhibitory concentration for inhibition of the p38 MAPK by the compound. Also disclosed are derivatives and analogs of pirfenidone, useful for modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system. .[.Mederski et al., Tetrahedron (1999), 55(44), 12757-12770.*.]. .[.Azuma et al., A placebo control and double blind phase II clinical study of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Japan, Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 165:A729 (2002)..]. .[.Badger, et al., Pharmacological profile of SB 203580, a selective inhibitor of cytokine suppressive binding protein/p38 kinase, in animal models of arthritis, bone resorption, endotoxin shock and immune function, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 279:1453-61 (1996)..].

Provided herein are dUTPase inhibitors, compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds and compositions.

Provided herein are dUTPase inhibitors, compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds and compositions.

The present disclosure relates to a lipid compound of formula (Ia) or (AL-GI):

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having various cleavable linkers defined by the variables Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 and Z.sup.10 and Z.sup.20. The present disclosure also relates to a lipid carrier or lipid nanoformulation employing the lipid compound, and the use of the lipid compound in a pharmaceutical composition as well as for a method of delivering an effector, e.g., a therapeutic agent.

The present disclosure relates to a lipid compound of formula (Ia) or (AL-GI):

##STR00001##

having various cleavable linkers defined by the variables Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 and Z.sup.10 and Z.sup.20. The present disclosure also relates to a lipid carrier or lipid nanoformulation employing the lipid compound, and the use of the lipid compound in a pharmaceutical composition as well as for a method of delivering an effector, e.g., a therapeutic agent.