The invention provides heterocyclic compounds with quaternary centers and methods of preparing compounds. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of Formula (II):

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comprising treating a compound of Formula (I):

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with a transition metal catalyst and under alkylation conditions as valence and stability permit.

It has been found that the membrane permeability of peptide compounds can be improved by making at least one of amino acids constituting the peptide compound be an amino acid having a side chain capable of forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond.

It has been found that the membrane permeability of peptide compounds can be improved by making at least one of amino acids constituting the peptide compound be an amino acid having a side chain capable of forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond.

Disclosed are methods of making delmopinol and delmopinol salts (e.g., delmopinol metal salts, such as, for example, delmopinol calcium salts, delmopinol sodium salts, delmopinol potassium salts, and/or delmopinol magnesium salts). Delmopinol has structure (I) and a salt of delmopinol has structure (II).

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Disclosed are methods of making delmopinol and delmopinol salts (e.g., delmopinol metal salts, such as, for example, delmopinol calcium salts, delmopinol sodium salts, delmopinol potassium salts, and/or delmopinol magnesium salts). Delmopinol has structure (I) and a salt of delmopinol has structure (II).

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Described herein are two processes for the preparation of methyl (5)-2-((2-(2,6-difLuoro-4-(methylcarbamol)phenyl)-7-methylimidaz[l,2-a]pyridine-3-yl)methyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate, a P2X3 antagonist, in a stepwise manner and chemical intermediates used in the synthetic processes.

Described herein are two processes for the preparation of methyl (5)-2-((2-(2,6-difLuoro-4-(methylcarbamol)phenyl)-7-methylimidaz[l,2-a]pyridine-3-yl)methyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate, a P2X3 antagonist, in a stepwise manner and chemical intermediates used in the synthetic processes.

Disclosed is chemical compounds C that are derivatives of norbixin and have tropism for the eye, and are intended to be used in the treatment of eye diseases in mammals, in particular in the context of altering the retinal pigment epithelium and more particularly in the context of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt's disease.

Disclosed is chemical compounds C that are derivatives of norbixin and have tropism for the eye, and are intended to be used in the treatment of eye diseases in mammals, in particular in the context of altering the retinal pigment epithelium and more particularly in the context of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt's disease.

Disclosed herein are p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and therapeutic methods of using the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors.