Preparation of aromatic carboxyamides by palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic carboxyamides of formula I, which can be obtained by palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction of aromatic chlorides of formula II, amines of formula III and carbon monoxide in the presence of a base. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of aryl-5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, which are known for controlling phytopathogenic fungi.

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The invention relates to benzylhydroxyde derivatives of formula (I): The invention also relates to the preparation and the therapeutic use of the compounds of formula (I).

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The invention relates to benzylhydroxyde derivatives of formula (I): The invention also relates to the preparation and the therapeutic use of the compounds of formula (I).

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The present invention provides the use of ATG in the preparation of a reagent for adjusting the activity of PP2A; and the use of ATG in increasing the activity of PP2A in 293T cells. The present invention also provides the use of the arctigenin in the preparation of the medicine for reducing the proteinuria of the diabetic mice. The present invention also provides the use of the arctigenin in the preparation of the reagent for inhibiting the expression of the NOX4 gene. The present invention also provides analogues of arctigenin and application thereof. The present invention provides a novel use of ATG for modulating PP2A activity, and ATG can also significantly reduce proteinuria in diabetic mice. At the same time, arctigenin could significantly inhibit the expression of NOX4 in STZ-eNOS.sup.−/− mice glomeruli. The ATG analogues of the present invention are more effective than the native ATG.

The present invention provides the use of ATG in the preparation of a reagent for adjusting the activity of PP2A; and the use of ATG in increasing the activity of PP2A in 293T cells. The present invention also provides the use of the arctigenin in the preparation of the medicine for reducing the proteinuria of the diabetic mice. The present invention also provides the use of the arctigenin in the preparation of the reagent for inhibiting the expression of the NOX4 gene. The present invention also provides analogues of arctigenin and application thereof. The present invention provides a novel use of ATG for modulating PP2A activity, and ATG can also significantly reduce proteinuria in diabetic mice. At the same time, arctigenin could significantly inhibit the expression of NOX4 in STZ-eNOS.sup.−/− mice glomeruli. The ATG analogues of the present invention are more effective than the native ATG.

Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

The present invention relates to a novel compound and a medicinal use of the novel compound. In particular, the present invention relates to a novel compound useful for the treatment and/or prevention of muscular dystrophy, including Duchenne muscular atrophy, and a medicinal use of the novel compound.

The present invention relates to a novel compound and a medicinal use of the novel compound. In particular, the present invention relates to a novel compound useful for the treatment and/or prevention of muscular dystrophy, including Duchenne muscular atrophy, and a medicinal use of the novel compound.

An organic light-emitting element which emits delayed fluorescence comprising specifically substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives or 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives in the light-emitting layer, a light-emitting layer comprising the specifically substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives or 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives, specific specifically substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives and 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives and an organic light emitting element comprising the specific 1,2,4-azole derivatives as well as a light emitting layer comprising the specific 1,2,4-azole derivatives; the use of the specifically substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives and 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives for electrophotographic photoreceptors, photoelectric converters, sensors, dye lasers, solar cell devices and organic light emitting elements, and the use of the specifically substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives and 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives for generating delayed fluorescence emission.