The present invention relates to efficient synthetic processes useful in the preparation of uridine, which is useful in the production of nucleosides and nucleotides that may be active as antiviral agents, as well as compositions and methods thereof.

The invention describes membrane permeable creatine prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions comprising membrane permeable creatine prodrugs, and methods of treating diseases such as ischemia, heart failure, neurodegenerative disorders and genetic disorders affecting the creatine kinase system comprising administering creatine prodrugs or pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The invention also describes treating a genetic disease affecting the creatine kinase system, such as, for example, a creatine transporter disorder or a creatine synthesis disorder comprising administering creatine prodrugs or pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

The invention describes membrane permeable creatine prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions comprising membrane permeable creatine prodrugs, and methods of treating diseases such as ischemia, heart failure, neurodegenerative disorders and genetic disorders affecting the creatine kinase system comprising administering creatine prodrugs or pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The invention also describes treating a genetic disease affecting the creatine kinase system, such as, for example, a creatine transporter disorder or a creatine synthesis disorder comprising administering creatine prodrugs or pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

A method of treating cancer in a subject includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor protein, the small molecule having a general formula: A-L-X-Z (I).

A method of treating cancer in a subject includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor protein, the small molecule having a general formula: A-L-X-Z (I).

A method of treating cancer in a subject includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor protein, the small molecule having a general formula: A-L-X-Z (I).

A method of treating cancer in a subject includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor protein, the small molecule having a general formula: A-L-X-Z (I).

The present invention pertains to a process for preparing of methyl chloroformyl[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate of formula I as intermediate in the preparation of arthropodicidal indoxacarb, comprising reaction of compound of formula (IV) with phosgene or phosgene derivative in the presence of phase transfer catalyst, alkaline base and hydrocarbon organic solvent and in the absence of organic base and metal hydride. This invention also pertains to a telescopic process for preparation of methyl chloroformyl[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate of formula I comprising preparation of isocyanate of formula (II) by reaction of compound of aniline derivative of formula (III) with phosgene or phosgene derivative in the presence of dimethylcarbonate and hydrocarbon organic solvent; following the preparation of compound of formula (IV) by reaction of compound of formula (II) with methanol and distillation out of dimethylcarbonate and reaction of compound of formula (IV) with phosgene or phosgene derivative in the presence of phase transfer catalyst, alkaline base and hydrocarbon organic solvent.

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The present invention pertains to a process for preparing of methyl chloroformyl[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate of formula I as intermediate in the preparation of arthropodicidal indoxacarb, comprising reaction of compound of formula (IV) with phosgene or phosgene derivative in the presence of phase transfer catalyst, alkaline base and hydrocarbon organic solvent and in the absence of organic base and metal hydride. This invention also pertains to a telescopic process for preparation of methyl chloroformyl[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate of formula I comprising preparation of isocyanate of formula (II) by reaction of compound of aniline derivative of formula (III) with phosgene or phosgene derivative in the presence of dimethylcarbonate and hydrocarbon organic solvent; following the preparation of compound of formula (IV) by reaction of compound of formula (II) with methanol and distillation out of dimethylcarbonate and reaction of compound of formula (IV) with phosgene or phosgene derivative in the presence of phase transfer catalyst, alkaline base and hydrocarbon organic solvent.

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The present invention provides a urea compound or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof that has a formyl peptide receptor like 1 (hereinafter may be abbreviated as FPRL1) agonist effect, a pharmaceutical composition containing the urea compound or the pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical use thereof. It has been found that a urea derivative represented by the general formula (I) below or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof has a superior FPRL1 agonist effect. Compound (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof is highly useful for treatment, prevention, or suppression of inflammatory diseases, chronic airway diseases, cancers, septicemia, allergic symptoms, HIV retrovirus infection, circulatory disorders, neuroinflammation, nervous disorders, pains, prion diseases, amyloidosis, immune disorders and the like.

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