Disclosed herein are compounds including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, prodrugs, hydrates and tautomers thereof which modulate the interactions of CD-40-CD40L. The compounds are useful for treating, ameliorating or preventing an autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, or other immune-related disease in a patient in need of treatment.

The present invention is directed to a novel process for purifying a recombinant polypeptide from a solution comprising one or more impurities, wherein the process is a chromatography process which uses saccharin. The present invention also provides the use of saccharin in a process for purifying a recombinant polypeptide from a solution comprising one or more impurities, wherein the process is a chromatography process. The invention further provides a wash buffer for purifying using chromatography a recombinant polypeptide from a solution comprising one or more impurities, wherein the wash buffer comprises saccharin.

The invention relates to aqueous benzisothiazoline-3-one dispersions of sodium-1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one particles dispersed in water. The dispersions contain: (a) between 15 wt.-% and 35 wt.-% of sodium-1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one; and (b) ad. 100 wt.-% of water having a content of sodium ion in the range from 4 wt.-% to 10 wt.-% with respect to water contained in the dispersion. The invention further relates to the use of the claimed dispersions for preserving water-based products of all types, in particular, cleaning and household products, plastics dispersions, paints, plasters, adhesives, sealing compounds, paper coating materials, textile softeners and sizing agents, washing raw materials, surfactants, polishing agents, spinning baths, cooling lubricants, leather treatment agents and silicone and bitumen emulsions.

The invention relates to aqueous benzisothiazoline-3-one dispersions of sodium-1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one particles dispersed in water. The dispersions contain: (a) between 15 wt.-% and 35 wt.-% of sodium-1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one; and (b) ad. 100 wt.-% of water having a content of sodium ion in the range from 4 wt.-% to 10 wt.-% with respect to water contained in the dispersion. The invention further relates to the use of the claimed dispersions for preserving water-based products of all types, in particular, cleaning and household products, plastics dispersions, paints, plasters, adhesives, sealing compounds, paper coating materials, textile softeners and sizing agents, washing raw materials, surfactants, polishing agents, spinning baths, cooling lubricants, leather treatment agents and silicone and bitumen emulsions.

An onium salt having formula (1) serving as an acid diffusion inhibitor and a chemically amplified resist composition comprising the acid diffusion inhibitor are provided. When processed by lithography, the resist composition forms a pattern having minimal defects and excellent lithography performance factors such as CDU, LWR and DOF.

##STR00001##

A resist composition comprising a quencher containing a sulfonium salt having the formula (A). ##STR00001##

A resist composition comprising a quencher containing a sulfonium salt having the formula (A). ##STR00001##

Provided are compounds that can find use as nitrosation reagents. Provided are nitrosation methods that include reacting a substrate with one of the provided nitrosation reagents and thereby generating a nitrosation product. Provided are kits including a nitrosation reagent. Provided are compositions wherein the nitrosation reagent is enriched in the .sup.15N isotope.

Provided are compounds that can find use as nitrosation reagents. Provided are nitrosation methods that include reacting a substrate with one of the provided nitrosation reagents and thereby generating a nitrosation product. Provided are kits including a nitrosation reagent. Provided are compositions wherein the nitrosation reagent is enriched in the .sup.15N isotope.

Provided herein are co-crystals comprising Compound 1 and a coformer. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the co-crystals and methods for treating, preventing and managing disease are also disclosed.