A photosensitive resin composition includes a resin having a constitutional unit having an acid-decomposable group, a photoacid generator, a solvent, and a compound represented by Formula D. In Formula D, X.sup.D represents an O atom or an S atom, R.sup.1D represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, R.sup.2D represents a substituent, nD represents an integer from 0 to 4, and two or more of R.sup.2D's may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

##STR00001##

Compounds having General Formula (I) or General Formula (II): ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.1 is chosen from C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 aliphatic or heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more aryl groups, substituted aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, substituted heteroaryl groups, or combination thereof, R.sup.2 is chosen from aromatic moieties, substituted aromatic moieties, heteroaromatic moieties, substituted heteroaromatic moieties, and coumarin; R.sup.3 is chosen from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 aliphatic or heteroaliphatic groups, phenyl, or substituted phenyl, wherein the aliphatic or heteroaliphatic groups are optionally substituted with one or more phenyl groups, aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, substituted heteroaryl groups, or combination thereof, and wherein the aliphatic or heteroaliphatic groups are optionally bonded to R.sup.2 to form a ring; X is S or O; and Y is S or NH, may be used in pharmaceutical compositions that modify of biological signaling processes or as reagents for biological assays.

Compounds having General Formula (I) or General Formula (II): ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.1 is chosen from C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 aliphatic or heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more aryl groups, substituted aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, substituted heteroaryl groups, or combination thereof, R.sup.2 is chosen from aromatic moieties, substituted aromatic moieties, heteroaromatic moieties, substituted heteroaromatic moieties, and coumarin; R.sup.3 is chosen from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 aliphatic or heteroaliphatic groups, phenyl, or substituted phenyl, wherein the aliphatic or heteroaliphatic groups are optionally substituted with one or more phenyl groups, aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, substituted heteroaryl groups, or combination thereof, and wherein the aliphatic or heteroaliphatic groups are optionally bonded to R.sup.2 to form a ring; X is S or O; and Y is S or NH, may be used in pharmaceutical compositions that modify of biological signaling processes or as reagents for biological assays.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), and Formula (IV) or salts thereof, wherein R.sub.2 is OH or OP(O)(OH).sub.2; and R.sub.1 is defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), and Formula (IV) or salts thereof, wherein R.sub.2 is OH or OP(O)(OH).sub.2; and R.sub.1 is defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease. ##STR00001##

Compounds that have ultraviolet light absorbing properties, and which can also have mesogenic properties. Compositions that include one or more such compounds. Articles of manufacture that include one or more such compounds, such as optical elements that include an optical substrate and a layer that includes at least one such compound.

Compounds that have ultraviolet light absorbing properties, and which can also have mesogenic properties. Compositions that include one or more such compounds. Articles of manufacture that include one or more such compounds, such as optical elements that include an optical substrate and a layer that includes at least one such compound.

The present invention provides a polymerizable compound having high storage stability without causing crystal precipitation when added to a polymerizable composition. The present invention also provides a polymerizable composition containing the compound. When the filmy polymer produced through polymerization of the polymerizable composition is irradiated with UV light, it hardly discolors or peels from substrate. Further, the present invention provides a polymer produced through polymerization of the polymerizable composition and an optically anisotropic body using the polymer.

The present invention provides a polymerizable compound having high storage stability without causing crystal precipitation when added to a polymerizable composition. The present invention also provides a polymerizable composition containing the compound. When the filmy polymer produced through polymerization of the polymerizable composition is irradiated with UV light, it hardly discolors or peels from substrate. Further, the present invention provides a polymer produced through polymerization of the polymerizable composition and an optically anisotropic body using the polymer.

A polymerizable compound has a practical low melting point, excellent solubility in a general-purpose solvent, and can produce an optical film at low cost, exhibits low reflected luminance, and achieves uniform conversion of polarized light over a wide wavelength band, an optically anisotropic article.