Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of making phenolic compounds, and resins comprising these phenolic compounds. The compounds include multifunctional epoxies, amino glycidyl derivatives, and multi-functional amines prepared from hydroxymethyl derivatives of phenols and bisphenols.

A process for preparing an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin composition including the steps of: (I) reacting a mixture of the following components: (a) an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl-containing material, (b) an epihalohydrin, (c) a stoichiometric excess of a base compound or basic acting substance, (d) a catalyst, and (e) optionally, a solvent; wherein the reacting step (I) is carried out under reaction conditions sufficient to form a crude aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin composition product in the resultant reaction mixture; (II) neutralizing the resultant reaction mixture of step (I) containing the crude aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin composition product with a phosphate neutralizing agent sufficient to partially neutralize the base or basic acting substance and to form a neutralized fluid medium containing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin composition product; (III) removing at least a portion of unreacted epihalohydrin from the reaction mixture of step (II); and (IV) subjecting the reaction mixture of step (III) above to a separation process to recover the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin composition product from the neutralized fluid medium; wherein the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin composition product yield is greater than about 70 percent.

The present disclosure provides a bio-based epoxy chain extender and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of chain extenders, and the preparation method includes the following steps: (1) mixing ESO and CD and carrying out catalytic reaction to obtain ESO.sub.n-CD; and (2) mixing and heating the ESO.sub.n-CD with concentrated sulfuric acid, dropwise adding a mixture of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide for stirring reaction, and after the stirring reaction, carrying out extraction and separation to remove a solvent to obtain the bio-based epoxy chain extender. The present disclosure also provides a bio-based epoxy chain extender prepared by the preparation method.

The present disclosure provides a bio-based epoxy chain extender and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of chain extenders, and the preparation method includes the following steps: (1) mixing ESO and CD and carrying out catalytic reaction to obtain ESO.sub.n-CD; and (2) mixing and heating the ESO.sub.n-CD with concentrated sulfuric acid, dropwise adding a mixture of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide for stirring reaction, and after the stirring reaction, carrying out extraction and separation to remove a solvent to obtain the bio-based epoxy chain extender. The present disclosure also provides a bio-based epoxy chain extender prepared by the preparation method.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to processes for forming bisphenols and epoxy resin compositions. In an embodiment, a process for making an epoxy resin composition is provided. The process includes reacting a mixture comprising a catalyst, a monophenol, and an aldehyde or ketone, the mixture comprising a stoichiometric excess of the aldehyde or ketone to the monophenol, and forming a reaction product with the reaction mixture, the reaction product comprising a bisphenol. The process further includes removing water and unreacted aldehyde or ketone from the reaction product, and converting the reaction product comprising the bisphenol to an epoxy resin composition, wherein, after reacting the mixture and before converting the reaction product, the process is free of washing, drying, solid-liquid separation, or combinations thereof.

Provided is an epoxy reactive diluent, wherein the content of a compound represented by Formula 1 below is 85% by weight or more based on a total weight of an epoxy reactive diluent composition: ##STR00001## wherein n is 0, 2, 4 or 6.

Provided is an epoxy reactive diluent, wherein the content of a compound represented by Formula 1 below is 85% by weight or more based on a total weight of an epoxy reactive diluent composition: ##STR00001## wherein n is 0, 2, 4 or 6.

Disclosed herein are processes for producing 1,3-propanediol acrylate, 1,3-propanediol diacrylate, 1,3-propanediol monoacrylate component, 1,3-propanediol dimethylacrylate, and 1,3-propanediol diglycidyl ether. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol acrylate, 1,3-propanediol diacrylate, 1,3-propanediol monoacrylate component, 1,3-propanediol dimethylacrylate, and/or 1,3-propanediol diglycidyl ether.

Disclosed herein are processes for producing 1,3-propanediol acrylate, 1,3-propanediol diacrylate, 1,3-propanediol monoacrylate component, 1,3-propanediol dimethylacrylate, and 1,3-propanediol diglycidyl ether. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol acrylate, 1,3-propanediol diacrylate, 1,3-propanediol monoacrylate component, 1,3-propanediol dimethylacrylate, and/or 1,3-propanediol diglycidyl ether.

Disclosed herein is a process for preparation of 1-chloro-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)propan-2-ol (compound of formula (I)) and 2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxirane (compound of formula (II)), which are synthetic intermediates in the preparation of triazole fungicides. The process comprises reacting a Grignard reagent of 2-chlorobenzyl halide with 1-chloro-1-chloroacetylcyclopropane, wherein said reaction is carried out at temperatures between 0 C. and 100 C. and characterized in that said reaction is carried out in a solvent system comprising methyl tetrahydrofuran and toluene.