Methods for the preparation of the following compound are disclosed.

##STR00001##

The compound can be incorporated into pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets and such tablets can be used for treating cholestatic liver diseases.

A continuous process for the preparation of propylene oxide, comprising (i) providing a liquid feed stream comprising propene, hydrogen peroxide, acetonitrile, water, optionally propane, and at least one dissolved potassium salt; (ii) passing the feed stream provided in (i) into an epoxidation reactor comprising a catalyst comprising a titanium zeolite of structure type MWW, and subjecting the feed stream to epoxidation reaction conditions in the epoxidation reactor, obtaining a reaction mixture comprising propylene oxide, acetonitrile, water, the at least one potassium salt, optionally propene, and optionally pane; (iii) removing an effluent stream from the epoxidation reactor, the effluent stream comprising propylene oxide, acetonitrile, water, at least a portion of the at least one potassium salt, optionally propene, and optionally propane.

A continuous process for the preparation of propylene oxide, comprising (i) providing a liquid feed stream comprising propene, hydrogen peroxide, acetonitrile, water, optionally propane, and at least one dissolved potassium salt; (ii) passing the feed stream provided in (i) into an epoxidation reactor comprising a catalyst comprising a titanium zeolite of structure type MWW, and subjecting the feed stream to epoxidation reaction conditions in the epoxidation reactor, obtaining a reaction mixture comprising propylene oxide, acetonitrile, water, the at least one potassium salt, optionally propene, and optionally pane; (iii) removing an effluent stream from the epoxidation reactor, the effluent stream comprising propylene oxide, acetonitrile, water, at least a portion of the at least one potassium salt, optionally propene, and optionally propane.

Provided are a preparation method for a propylene epoxidation catalyst, and a use thereof. During the preparation, an alkoxide solution of a prepared active component and a silica gel support are mixed, then a rotary evaporation treatment is performed on the mixture to remove a low-carbon alcohol to obtain a catalyst precursor, and then the obtained catalyst precursor is subjected to calcination and silylation treatments to obtain the propylene epoxidation catalyst. The catalyst is prepared in a simple process, can be applied to the chemical process of preparing propylene oxide by propylene epoxidation, has high average selectivity to propylene oxide, and has industrial application prospect.

This invention discloses an olefin oxidation process, including a step of under olefin oxidation conditions, successively passing a reaction feed from the No.1 catalyst bed through the No.n catalyst bed, wherein if the apparent velocity of each of the reaction materials passing from the No.1 catalyst bed through the No.n catalyst bed is respectively named as v.sub.1 to v.sub.n, and if m represents any integer in the region [2, n], the relationship v.sub.m-1<v.sub.m holds. The process according to this invention is capable of extending the service life of the catalyst, especially the single-pass service life thereof, and at the same time, suppressing any side-reaction over a prolonged period of time. This invention further discloses a fixed-bed reaction apparatus and a system for olefin oxidation.

Reaction products of one or more amino acids and one or more epoxies are included in copper and copper alloy electroplating baths to provide good throwing power. Such reaction products may plate copper and copper alloys with good surface properties and good physical reliability.

Systems and methods for producing ethylene oxide (EO) are disclosed. Ethylene oxide is produced by direct oxidizing ethylene with oxygen in a reactor. The effluent from the reactor is processed to produce (a) a product stream comprising water and ethylene oxide, (b) a reabsorber overhead stream comprising ethylene, methane, argon, and carbon dioxide, and (c) a carbonate flash gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, ethylene, methane, and water. The reabsorber overhead stream and the carbonate flash gas stream are combined to form a reclaim gas stream. The reclaimed gas stream is separated in a membrane separation unit to remove carbon dioxide and argon, forming a recycle stream comprising primarily ethylene and methane, collectively.

Systems and methods for producing ethylene oxide (EO) are disclosed. Ethylene oxide is produced by direct oxidizing ethylene with oxygen in a reactor. The effluent from the reactor is processed to produce (a) a product stream comprising water and ethylene oxide, (b) a reabsorber overhead stream comprising ethylene, methane, argon, and carbon dioxide, and (c) a carbonate flash gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, ethylene, methane, and water. The reabsorber overhead stream and the carbonate flash gas stream are combined to form a reclaim gas stream. The reclaimed gas stream is separated in a membrane separation unit to remove carbon dioxide and argon, forming a recycle stream comprising primarily ethylene and methane, collectively.

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##