This application relates to compositions comprising one or more partially fluorinated epoxides and/or one or more perfluorinated epoxides which may be useful in applications including refrigerants, air conditioning, heat transfer media, high-temperature heat pumps, organic Rankine cycles, fire extinguishing/fire suppression, propellants, foam blowing, solvents, dielectrics, and/or cleaning fluids.

Provided are methods using and making functionalized silicon membranes, such as, for example, functionalized silicon nanomembranes. The methods may combine one or more (e.g., two) surface modification processes (e.g., using a combination of aldehydes and silanes). Also described are fluidic devices containing functionalized membranes of the present disclosure and uses thereof. The fluidic devices of the present disclosure include one or more functionalized silicon membrane.

A composition includes a hydrofluoroepoxide having Structural Formula (I). Each R.sub.f is, independently, a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and optionally comprises a catenated heteroatom.

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A composition includes a hydrofluoroepoxide having Structural Formula (I). Each R.sub.f is, independently, a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and optionally comprises a catenated heteroatom.

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A method for preparing atetrafluoro-1,2-epoxypropane comprising reacting a 2-bromo-tetrafluoropropan-3-ol with an alkaline or alkaline earth metal hydroxide solution, a compound which is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,2-epoxypropane, and partially fluorinated polyethers of formula [OCRR.sub.1CR.sub.2R.sub.3].sub.n wherein n is from 5 to 100, R is F or H, R.sub.1 is CF.sub.3, R.sub.2 is F or H and R.sub.3 is H.

A method is described for preparing cyclopropyl-substituted acetophenones of the general formula (I). ##STR00001##

A process of forming a flame retardant material is disclosed. The process includes forming a functionalized polybrominated diphenyl-based flame retardant compound having the following structural formula:

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In the structural formula, X corresponds to a functional group. The process also includes forming a flame retardant material by covalently bonding the functionalized polybrominated diphenyl-based flame retardant compound into a material using the functional group.

A process of forming a flame retardant material is disclosed. The process includes forming a functionalized polybrominated diphenyl-based flame retardant compound having the following structural formula:

##STR00001##

In the structural formula, X corresponds to a functional group. The process also includes forming a flame retardant material by covalently bonding the functionalized polybrominated diphenyl-based flame retardant compound into a material using the functional group.

A method is described for preparing cyclopropyl-substituted acetophenones of the general formula (I).

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A system and method for preparing epoxy chloropropane is provided in that by coupling three stages of high gravity reactors, the product epoxy chloropropane and water vapor are distilled from a reaction system in form of an azeotrope by adopting a water vapor steam stripping method. Further, by combining the azeotrope with the multiples stages of high gravity reactors, the gas phase mass transfer and the liquid phase mass transfer of the azeotrope are improved aiming at the features of the azeotrope in the reaction system, thus making the overall conversion rate higher. In addition, by combining steam stripping and high gravity, dichloropropanol and alkali solution are rapidly mixed for mass transfer, and the product epoxy chloropropane is rapidly distilled from the reaction system in the form of the azeotrope, such that the reaction proceeds continuously towards the direction of producing epoxy chloropropane, thus significantly improving the conversion rate.