Described herein are methods of preparing cutin-derived monomers, oligomers, or combinations thereof from cutin-containing plant matter. The methods can include heating the cutin-derived plant matter in a solvent at elevated temperature and pressure. In some preferred embodiments, the methods can be carried out without the use of additional acidic or basic species.

Described herein are methods of preparing cutin-derived monomers, oligomers, or combinations thereof from cutin-containing plant matter. The methods can include heating the cutin-derived plant matter in a solvent at elevated temperature and pressure. In some preferred embodiments, the methods can be carried out without the use of additional acidic or basic species.

This disclosure concerns fatty acid derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fatty acid derivatives, and methods of using the fatty acid derivatives, for example, to treat inflammation, chronic itch, chronic pain, an autoimmune disorder, atherosclerosis, a skin disorder, arthritis, a neurodegenerative disorder, or a psychiatric disorder in a subject. In some embodiments, the fatty acid derivative is a compound, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having a structure according to: ##STR00001##
wherein X is from 1-16 carbons in length, Z is aliphatic from 1-16 carbons in length, or is not present, Y is selected from: ##STR00002##
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.4 is lower alkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amine, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or halide, R.sup.6 is hydroxyl or substituted thiol, and each R.sup.7 is independently hydrogen or fluoride or is not present and the adjacent carbons form alkyne.

This disclosure concerns fatty acid derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fatty acid derivatives, and methods of using the fatty acid derivatives, for example, to treat inflammation, chronic itch, chronic pain, an autoimmune disorder, atherosclerosis, a skin disorder, arthritis, a neurodegenerative disorder, or a psychiatric disorder in a subject. In some embodiments, the fatty acid derivative is a compound, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having a structure according to:

##STR00001##

wherein X is from 1-16 carbons in length, Z is aliphatic from 1-16 carbons in length, or is not present, Y is selected from:

##STR00002##

R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.4 is lower alkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amine, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or halide, R.sup.6 is hydroxyl or substituted thiol, and each R.sup.7 is independently hydrogen or fluoride or is not present and the adjacent carbons form alkyne.

Described herein are methods of preparing cutin-derived monomers, oligomers, or combinations thereof from cutin-containing plant matter. The methods can include heating the cutin-derived plant matter in a solvent at elevated temperature and pressure. In some preferred embodiments, the methods can be carried out without the use of additional acidic or basic species.

A 1,3-dipolar compound including an epoxide group is provided. The epoxide group is a 3-membered ether ring in which a first member is a carbon atom having an attachment to the dipole of the 1,3-dipolar compound and a second member is a tertiary or quaternary carbon. The use of the 1,3-dipolar compound in the modification of a diene polymer makes it possible to improve the rupture properties of a rubber composition comprising the modified polymer, without the expense of its hysteresis properties, while at the same time improving its implementation.

Described herein are methods of preparing cutin-derived monomers, oligomers, or combinations thereof from cutin-containing plant matter. The methods can include heating the cutin-derived plant matter in a solvent at elevated temperature and pressure. In some preferred embodiments, the methods can be carried out without the use of additional acidic or basic species.

Described herein are methods of preparing cutin-derived monomers, oligomers, or combinations thereof from cutin-containing plant matter. The methods can include heating the cutin-derived plant matter in a solvent at elevated temperature and pressure. In some preferred embodiments, the methods can be carried out without the use of additional acidic or basic species.

This disclosure concerns fatty acid derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fatty acid derivatives, and methods of using the fatty acid derivatives, for example, to treat inflammation, chronic itch, chronic pain, an autoimmune disorder, atherosclerosis, a skin disorder, arthritis, a neurodegenerative disorder, or a psychiatric disorder in a subject. In some embodiments, the fatty acid derivative is a compound, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having a structure according to:

##STR00001##

wherein X is from 1-16 carbons in length, Z is aliphatic from 1-16 carbons in length, or is not present, Y is selected from:

##STR00002##

R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.4 is lower alkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amine, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or halide, R.sup.6 is hydroxyl or substituted thiol, and each R.sup.7 is independently hydrogen or fluoride or is not present and the adjacent carbons form alkyne.

A cosmetic composition is provided, which comprises a carrier and a Vetiver root extract, in particular an extract from exhausted Vetiver root. This composition provides a stimulation of sebum production, stimulation of sebum antimicrobial, lipids production, activation of adipocytes volume increase, skin hydration, skin tonicity booster, skin fatigue reduction, perilabial wrinkles reduction, skin replumping, and fragrance long-lastingness enhancement.