Described herein are catalytic hydrogenation processes, using Ru complexes with tetradentate ligands of formula L in hydrogenation processes for the reduction of ketone, aldehyde, ester, or lactone into the corresponding alcohol or diol respectively. These processes use a ruthenium complex of formula (1) as defined herein.

Described herein are catalytic hydrogenation processes, using Ru complexes with tetradentate ligands of formula L in hydrogenation processes for the reduction of ketone, aldehyde, ester, or lactone into the corresponding alcohol or diol respectively. These processes use a ruthenium complex of formula (1) as defined herein.

The present invention relates to the use of a novel class of cancer stem cell pathway (CSCP) inhibitors; to methods of using such compounds to treat refractory, recurrent, or metastatic cancers; to methods of selective killing cancer cells by using such corn pounds with specific administration regimen; to methods of targeting cancer stem cells by inhibiting Stat3 pathway; to methods of using novel compounds in the treatment of conditions or disorders in a mammal related to aberrant Stat3 pathway activity; and to processes for preparing such compounds and intermediates thereof and to the pharmaceutical compositions of relevant compounds, and to the specific methods of administration of these compounds.

The present invention relates to the use of a novel class of cancer stem cell pathway (CSCP) inhibitors; to methods of using such compounds to treat refractory, recurrent, or metastatic cancers; to methods of selective killing cancer cells by using such corn pounds with specific administration regimen; to methods of targeting cancer stem cells by inhibiting Stat3 pathway; to methods of using novel compounds in the treatment of conditions or disorders in a mammal related to aberrant Stat3 pathway activity; and to processes for preparing such compounds and intermediates thereof and to the pharmaceutical compositions of relevant compounds, and to the specific methods of administration of these compounds.

The invention relates to an organic electronic device comprising at least one electron transport, electron injection or electron generation layer comprising a compound of Formula (I) wherein all positions which are not linked to a -(A)a-L moiety at a *- position may be bound to another substituent; A is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl; L is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl or a group (II) and (III); and a is an integer from 0 to 2; to the compounds of Formula (I) as well as to display and lightning devices comprising the same.

##STR00001##

The invention addresses the problem of providing a method for producing 2-acetyl-4H,9H-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione that is suited to industrial production. The invention provides a method for producing 2-acetyl-4H,9H-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione by reacting 3-bromo-3-buten-2-one and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in the presence of a solvent, then obtaining crystals of 2-acetyl-4H,9H-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione by adding an alcohol-based solvent and/or water to the reaction system, and treating the crystals by using a specific adsorbent in the presence of a solvent.

The invention addresses the problem of providing a method for producing 2-acetyl-4H,9H-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione that is suited to industrial production. The invention provides a method for producing 2-acetyl-4H,9H-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione by reacting 3-bromo-3-buten-2-one and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in the presence of a solvent, then obtaining crystals of 2-acetyl-4H,9H-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione by adding an alcohol-based solvent and/or water to the reaction system, and treating the crystals by using a specific adsorbent in the presence of a solvent.

Described herein are catalytic hydrogenation processes, using Ru complexes with tetradentate ligands of formula L in hydrogenation processes for the reduction of ketone, aldehyde, ester, or lactone into the corresponding alcohol or diol respectively. These processes use a ruthenium complex of formula (1) as defined herein.

The present application provides a hetero-cyclic compound capable of significantly enhancing lifetime, efficiency, electrochemical stability and thermal stability of an organic light emitting device, and an organic light emitting device comprising the hetero-cyclic compound in an organic material layer.

The present invention provides compounds represented by formula (1A), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Compounds represented by formula (1A), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are identical or different, and each independently C(O)B, C(O)CR.sup.3AR.sup.3BB, CO.sub.2B, C(S)OB, CONR.sup.3CB, C(S)NR.sup.3CB, a hydrogen atom, or the like, wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are not both hydrogen atoms, wherein B is an optionally substituted 3- to 12-membered monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted 3- to 12-membered cyclic amino group, or a group represented by the following formula (B), wherein the 3- to 12-membered monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group and the 3- to 12-membered cyclic amino group have at least one or more secondary nitrogen atoms in the ring; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.2A, R.sup.2B, R.sup.2C, and R.sup.2D are identical or different, and each independently a hydrogen atom or the like; and R.sup.8 is alkyl.

##STR00001##

wherein * denotes a bonding position.