The present disclosure provides compounds of Formulas (I), (II), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds described herein are useful in treating proliferative diseases, for example, cancer (e.g., lung cancer), and infectious diseases (e.g., bacterial infections). ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a compound useful as a novel antitumor agent targeting a CSC that is important in continuous proliferation of malignant tumor, metastasis and recurrence of cancer, and its resistance to an antitumor agent; a medicament comprising the compound as an active ingredient; a pharmaceutical composition; and an antitumor agent; as well as a method of treating cancer and/or a method of preventing cancer. The present invention provides compounds represented by formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X is an oxygen atom or sulfur atom; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like; R.sup.2 is a halogen atom or the like; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and n is 1, 2, 3, or 4 (with the proviso that the sum of m and n is 1, 2, 3, or 4).

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a compound useful as a novel antitumor agent targeting a CSC that is important in continuous proliferation of malignant tumor, metastasis and recurrence of cancer, and its resistance to an antitumor agent; a medicament comprising the compound as an active ingredient; a pharmaceutical composition; and an antitumor agent; as well as a method of treating cancer and/or a method of preventing cancer. The present invention provides compounds represented by formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X is an oxygen atom or sulfur atom; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like; R.sup.2 is a halogen atom or the like; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and n is 1, 2, 3, or 4 (with the proviso that the sum of m and n is 1, 2, 3, or 4).

##STR00001##

Crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds. The molecular framework is formed from guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions and the guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions are associated via one or more hydrogen bond. The small molecule(s) is/are encapsulated by the molecular framework. Methods for making crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds may include combining guanidinium cations, organosulfonate anions, and small molecules in a single step. The crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds can be used to determine the structure of the small molecule(s).

Crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds. The molecular framework is formed from guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions and the guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions are associated via one or more hydrogen bond. The small molecule(s) is/are encapsulated by the molecular framework. Methods for making crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds may include combining guanidinium cations, organosulfonate anions, and small molecules in a single step. The crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds can be used to determine the structure of the small molecule(s).

There is provided SHC/HAC derivatives, amino acid sequences comprising the SHC/HAC derivatives, nucleotide sequences encoding the SHC/HAC derivatives, vectors comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the SHC/HAC derivatives, recombinant host cells comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the SHC/HAC derivatives and applications of the recombinant host cells comprising either SHC/HAC derivatives or WT SHC/HAC enzymes in methods to prepare ()-Ambrox and SHC/HAC enzymes in methods to prepare ()-Ambrox.

There is provided SHC/HAC derivatives, amino acid sequences comprising the SHC/HAC derivatives, nucleotide sequences encoding the SHC/HAC derivatives, vectors comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the SHC/HAC derivatives, recombinant host cells comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the SHC/HAC derivatives and applications of the recombinant host cells comprising either SHC/HAC derivatives or WT SHC/HAC enzymes in methods to prepare ()-Ambrox and SHC/HAC enzymes in methods to prepare ()-Ambrox.

A highly heat-resistant organic compound with favorable hole-transport properties is provided. The organic compound is represented by General Formula (G1). In General Formula (G1), X represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, and R.sup.21 to R.sup.25 and R.sup.27 to R.sup.30 each independently represent any one of hydrogen, halogen, a nitrile group, an alkenyl group, a vinyl group, an alkynyl group, an ethynyl group, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. Ar.sup.1 represents an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. Ar.sup.2 is represented by General Formula (G1-1).

##STR00001##

A highly heat-resistant organic compound with favorable hole-transport properties is provided. The organic compound is represented by General Formula (G1). In General Formula (G1), X represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, and R.sup.21 to R.sup.25 and R.sup.27 to R.sup.30 each independently represent any one of hydrogen, halogen, a nitrile group, an alkenyl group, a vinyl group, an alkynyl group, an ethynyl group, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. Ar.sup.1 represents an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. Ar.sup.2 is represented by General Formula (G1-1).

##STR00001##

An enzyme-mediated method for the production of 3a-ethyl-6,6,9a-trimethyldodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan, the products of said method, and uses of said products.