Disclosed are compounds of formulae: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13, R.sub.14, R.sub.15, R.sub.16, R.sub.17, n, and m are defined herein. These compounds are useful for treating Gram-negative bacteria infections. Also disclosed are methods of making these compounds. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of formulae: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13, R.sub.14, R.sub.15, R.sub.16, R.sub.17, n, and m are defined herein. These compounds are useful for treating Gram-negative bacteria infections. Also disclosed are methods of making these compounds. ##STR00001##

A method for producing a cyclic ether represented by formula (2) includes reacting a 2-hydroxy cyclic ether, represented by formula (1), with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

A method for producing a cyclic ether represented by formula (2) includes reacting a 2-hydroxy cyclic ether, represented by formula (1), with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

The invention provides heterocyclic compounds with quaternary centers and methods of preparing compounds. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of Formula (II):

##STR00001##

comprising treating a compound of Formula (I):

##STR00002##

with a transition metal catalyst and under alkylation conditions as valence and stability permit.

The invention provides heterocyclic compounds with quaternary centers and methods of preparing compounds. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of Formula (II):

##STR00001##

comprising treating a compound of Formula (I):

##STR00002##

with a transition metal catalyst and under alkylation conditions as valence and stability permit.

The present invention is directed to bifunctional small molecules which contain a circulating protein binding moiety (CPBM) linked through a linker group to a cellular receptor binding moiety (CRBM) which is a membrane receptor of degrading cell such as a hepatocyte or other degrading cell. In embodiments, the (CRBM) is a moiety which binds to asialoglycoprotein receptor (an asialoglycoprotein receptor binding moiety, or ASGPRBM) of a hepatocyte. In additional embodiments, the (CRBM) is a moiety which binds to a receptor of other cells which can degrade proteins, such as a LRP1, LDLR, FcγRI, FcRN, Transferrin or Macrophage Scavenger receptor. Pharmaceutical compositions based upon these bifunctional small molecules represent an additional aspect of the present invention. These compounds and/or compositions may be used to treat disease states and conditions by removing circulating proteins through degradation in the hepatocytes or macrophages of a patient or subject in need of therapy. Methods of treating disease states and/or conditions in which circulating proteins are associated with the disease state and/or condition are also described herein.

The present invention is directed to bifunctional small molecules which contain a circulating protein binding moiety (CPBM) linked through a linker group to a cellular receptor binding moiety (CRBM) which is a membrane receptor of degrading cell such as a hepatocyte or other degrading cell. In embodiments, the (CRBM) is a moiety which binds to asialoglycoprotein receptor (an asialoglycoprotein receptor binding moiety, or ASGPRBM) of a hepatocyte. In additional embodiments, the (CRBM) is a moiety which binds to a receptor of other cells which can degrade proteins, such as a LRP1, LDLR, FcγRI, FcRN, Transferrin or Macrophage Scavenger receptor. Pharmaceutical compositions based upon these bifunctional small molecules represent an additional aspect of the present invention. These compounds and/or compositions may be used to treat disease states and conditions by removing circulating proteins through degradation in the hepatocytes or macrophages of a patient or subject in need of therapy. Methods of treating disease states and/or conditions in which circulating proteins are associated with the disease state and/or condition are also described herein.

The application relates to a compound of Formula (I′) or (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, prodrug, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, which modulates the activity of SSAO, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I′) or (I), and a method of treating or preventing a disease in which SSAO plays a role.

The application relates to phenyl- or naphthylsulfonamide derivatives of the structural formula (I). The compounds are described as inhibitors of USP30 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 30) useful for the treatment of conditions involving mitochondrial defects including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's or a neoplastic disease such as leukemia. ##STR00001##