Compounds that inhibit Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) oncoprotein, and methods of using the same, are provided for treating disease.

Compounds that inhibit Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) oncoprotein, and methods of using the same, are provided for treating disease.

Compounds of the formula I,

##STR00001##

in which Y.sup.1 denotes O or CH.sub.2, and the groups R.sup.1, L.sup.1 to L.sup.6 and X.sup.1 have the meanings indicated in claim 1. A process for the preparation thereof, and liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I and electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium this type. The compounds of the formula I include, as structural element, a combination of a 1,4-substituted cyclohexene ring besides a dioxane or tetrahydropyran ring and a substituted biphenyl group.

Compounds of the formula I,

##STR00001##

in which Y.sup.1 denotes O or CH.sub.2, and the groups R.sup.1, L.sup.1 to L.sup.6 and X.sup.1 have the meanings indicated in claim 1. A process for the preparation thereof, and liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I and electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium this type. The compounds of the formula I include, as structural element, a combination of a 1,4-substituted cyclohexene ring besides a dioxane or tetrahydropyran ring and a substituted biphenyl group.

A method for producing a cyclic ether represented by formula (2) includes reacting a 2-hydroxy cyclic ether, represented by formula (1), with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

A method for producing a cyclic ether represented by formula (2) includes reacting a 2-hydroxy cyclic ether, represented by formula (1), with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

The present invention includes a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.

The present invention includes a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.

Provided herein are deuterated compounds and compositions useful in increasing PPAR activity. The compounds have a formula

##STR00001##

where L.sup.5 comprises at least one deuterium. Exemplary species include

##STR00002##

The compounds and compositions provided herein are useful for the treatment of PPAR related diseases (e.g., muscular diseases, vascular disease, demyelinating disease, and metabolic diseases).

Provided herein are deuterated compounds and compositions useful in increasing PPAR activity. The compounds have a formula

##STR00001##

where L.sup.5 comprises at least one deuterium. Exemplary species include

##STR00002##

The compounds and compositions provided herein are useful for the treatment of PPAR related diseases (e.g., muscular diseases, vascular disease, demyelinating disease, and metabolic diseases).