An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound having a strong opening action with respect to KCNQ2-5 channels. A compound represented by the general formula (1) (wherein the definition of each group is as described in the specification) is provided. The compound represented by the general formula (1) has a strong opening action with respect to KCNQ2-5 channels, and therefore is useful as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for a KCNQ2-5 channel-related disease (for example, dysuria, overactive bladder, or the like).

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Compounds that modulate the oxidoreductase enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and compositions containing the compounds, are described herein. The use of such compounds and compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of a diverse array of diseases, disorders and conditions, including cancer- and immune-related disorders, that are mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is also provided.

The present invention is directed to benzamide-containing compounds of formula I ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which inhibit the P2X.sub.7 receptor, and their use in the treatment of epilepsy.

The present invention is directed to benzamide-containing compounds of formula I ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which inhibit the P2X.sub.7 receptor, and their use in the treatment of epilepsy.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Q is a 5-membered heterocyclyl or 5-membered heteroaryl having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, substituted with zero to 4 R.sup.1; and A, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3a, R.sup.3b, a, b, and d are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using these compounds to modulate the activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR); pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds; and methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with FXR dysregulation, such as pathological fibrosis, transplant rejection, cancer, osteoporosis, and inflammatory disorders, by using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Q is a 5-membered heterocyclyl or 5-membered heteroaryl having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, substituted with zero to 4 R.sup.1; and A, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3a, R.sup.3b, a, b, and d are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using these compounds to modulate the activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR); pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds; and methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with FXR dysregulation, such as pathological fibrosis, transplant rejection, cancer, osteoporosis, and inflammatory disorders, by using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions. ##STR00001##

A compound represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.

##STR00001## R is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons or the like; ring A.sup.1 and ring A.sup.2 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently a single bond, COO or the like; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 are independently hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine; and m is 0, 1 or 2.

A liquid crystal compound is represented by the formula (1). For example, in the formula (1): R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; a ring A.sup.1 and a ring A.sup.2 each represent 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each represent a single bond, (CH.sub.2).sub.2, CHCH, COO, OCO, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, or OCH.sub.2; and a and b each represent 0, 1, 2, or 3 and the sum of a and b is 4 or less. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and G are as defined herein; and wherein the compound of formula (I) is optionally present as an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are suitable for use as herbicides. The invention therefore also relates to a method of controlling weeds, especially grassy monocotyledonous weeds, in crops of useful plants, comprising applying a compound of formula (I), or a herbicidal composition comprising such a compound, to the plants or to the locus thereof. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and G are as defined herein; and wherein the compound of formula (I) is optionally present as an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are suitable for use as herbicides. The invention therefore also relates to a method of controlling weeds, especially grassy monocotyledonous weeds, in crops of useful plants, comprising applying a compound of formula (I), or a herbicidal composition comprising such a compound, to the plants or to the locus thereof. ##STR00001##