The present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

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The present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

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The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein U, J, V, X, R.sup.1a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c, R.sup.5 and t are as described herein. The present invention relates generally to inhibitors of histone deacetylase and to methods of making and using them. These compounds are useful for promoting cognitive function and enhancing learning and memory formation. In addition, these compounds are useful for treating, alleviating, and/or preventing various conditions, including for example, neurological disorders, memory and cognitive function disorders/impairments, extinction learning disorders, fungal diseases and infections, inflammatory diseases, hematological diseases, and neoplastic diseases in humans and animals.

Substituted cyclohexyl chemical entities of Formula (I): wherein R.sup.a, G, and R.sup.b have any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities; methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies; detection and imaging techniques; radioactive therapies; modulating and treating disorders mediated by nociceptin activity or dopamine signaling; treating neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and schizophrenia; enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training; and treating peripheral disorders, including renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, genitourinary, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. ##STR00001##

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

A glycosyl donor represented by formula (I) is used for preparing an S-glycoside compound represented by formula (III), an O-glycoside compound represented by formula (V), and a C-glycoside compound represented by formula (V). The glycosyl donor is a raw material in the preparation of O-glycoside, S-glycoside, and C-glycoside compounds by means of a free radical reaction, most of which have a special α configuration.

A glycosyl donor represented by formula (I) is used for preparing an S-glycoside compound represented by formula (III), an O-glycoside compound represented by formula (V), and a C-glycoside compound represented by formula (V). The glycosyl donor is a raw material in the preparation of O-glycoside, S-glycoside, and C-glycoside compounds by means of a free radical reaction, most of which have a special α configuration.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:

X-A-Y-L-R  (I)

which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

A compound represented by Formula (1): ##STR00001##
The compound can be used as insecticides.