Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of use thereof, including methods of treating a neurological or psychiatric disease or disorder. For example, provided herein is a compound of Formula I:

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein values for the variables (e.g., Ring A, X.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5) are as disclosed herein. The compounds disclosed herein (e.g., compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) and pharmaceutical compositions can be used to treat a neurological or psychiatric disease or disorder.

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of use thereof, including methods of treating a neurological or psychiatric disease or disorder. For example, provided herein is a compound of Formula I:

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein values for the variables (e.g., Ring A, X.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5) are as disclosed herein. The compounds disclosed herein (e.g., compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) and pharmaceutical compositions can be used to treat a neurological or psychiatric disease or disorder.

A method of treating a disease condition in a mammal comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a therapeutic, wherein the therapeutic includes a bioisosteres of caffeic acid. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease condition in a mammal comprising a first therapeutic that includes a bioisosteres of caffeic acid, wherein the condition may be breast cancer, and the pharmaceutical composition may include a second therapeutic for the disease condition that is not a bioisosteres of caffeic acid.

A method of treating a disease condition in a mammal comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a therapeutic, wherein the therapeutic includes a bioisosteres of caffeic acid. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease condition in a mammal comprising a first therapeutic that includes a bioisosteres of caffeic acid, wherein the condition may be breast cancer, and the pharmaceutical composition may include a second therapeutic for the disease condition that is not a bioisosteres of caffeic acid.

Disclosed are chromene-2 derivatives and the use thereof in the treatment of fibrosis. Specifically, disclosed are the derivatives of a compound having a main structure of 6,7-dimethoxy-chromenylium perchlorate (1) and pharmaceutical compositions, combinations and pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof for the treatment of fibrosis.

Disclosed are chromene-2 derivatives and the use thereof in the treatment of fibrosis. Specifically, disclosed are the derivatives of a compound having a main structure of 6,7-dimethoxy-chromenylium perchlorate (1) and pharmaceutical compositions, combinations and pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof for the treatment of fibrosis.

A cell-free system is provided to produce anthocyanins from anthocyanidins. An anthocyanidin is added to a reaction mixture comprising a glycosyl transferase enzyme and UDP-sugar. The reaction mixture may be aqueous and may comprise a co-solvent, e.g., an organic co-solvent, such as DMF.

Embodiments provided for herein related to pomace leachate, such as being used as a herbicide. In some embodiments, the herbicide comprises a seed extract, concentrated pomace leachate, a diluent of some combination thereof. Embodiments provided for herein further related to a method of using a herbicide as described herein, the method comprising contact the herbicide to a target ground area in an amount sufficient to function as a herbicide. Also provided herein are methods of making a herbicide from a pomace leachate.

The invention relates to (hetero)cyclic compounds as S1P modulators, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and uses thereof in the treatment, alleviation or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by an S1P receptor.

The invention relates to (hetero)cyclic compounds as S1P modulators, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and uses thereof in the treatment, alleviation or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by an S1P receptor.