This invention is related to a compound with the structural formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein, R1, and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2NHR.sub.9, C(?O)YR.sub.10, CH2OH

##STR00002##

The composition for film formation includes a compound including a group of the formula (1) and a solvent. In the formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 taken together represent a cyclic structure having 3 to 20 ring atoms together with the carbon atom or a carbon chain to which R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 bond. Ar.sup.1 represents a group obtained by removing (n+3) hydrogen atoms from an aromatic ring of an arene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. n is an integer of 0 to 9. R.sup.5 represents a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##

The composition for film formation includes a compound including a group of the formula (1) and a solvent. In the formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 taken together represent a cyclic structure having 3 to 20 ring atoms together with the carbon atom or a carbon chain to which R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 bond. Ar.sup.1 represents a group obtained by removing (n+3) hydrogen atoms from an aromatic ring of an arene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. n is an integer of 0 to 9. R.sup.5 represents a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##

The invention provides compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
and salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds are useful for treating cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and conditions associated with demyelination.

The invention provides compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
and salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds are useful for treating cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and conditions associated with demyelination.

Near infrared and shortwave infrared dyes can have polymethine structures.

A method for synthesizing xanthohumol (XN) from naringenin includes the steps of acylating hydroxyl groups of a naringenin flavone moiety to obtain an acylation product, a reaction of conversion of the flavone moiety into a chalcone moiety, and subjecting the chalcone compound to a reaction of hydrolysis of its ester groups, and next to a reaction of substitution of a prenyl moiety of the chalcone moiety to obtain xanthohumol. The xanthohumol produced by this method can be purified using crystallisation.

A method for synthesizing xanthohumol (XN) from naringenin includes the steps of acylating hydroxyl groups of a naringenin flavone moiety to obtain an acylation product, a reaction of conversion of the flavone moiety into a chalcone moiety, and subjecting the chalcone compound to a reaction of hydrolysis of its ester groups, and next to a reaction of substitution of a prenyl moiety of the chalcone moiety to obtain xanthohumol. The xanthohumol produced by this method can be purified using crystallisation.

Described herein are ?.sup.9-THC prodrugs, methods of making ?.sup.9-THC prodrugs, formulations comprising ?.sup.9-THC prodrugs and methods of using ?.sup.9-THC. One embodiment described herein relates to the transdermal administration of a ?.sup.9-THC prodrug for treating and preventing diseases and/or disorders.

Described herein are ?.sup.9-THC prodrugs, methods of making ?.sup.9-THC prodrugs, formulations comprising ?.sup.9-THC prodrugs and methods of using ?.sup.9-THC. One embodiment described herein relates to the transdermal administration of a ?.sup.9-THC prodrug for treating and preventing diseases and/or disorders.