Disclosed herein are compositions for assessing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in bacteria, for identifying bacteria, and for screening for bacterial cell wall-acting and/or cell wall-disrupting agents via modified D-amino acids and methods of use thereof. Also disclosed are live bacteria having one or more modified D-amino acids as described herein incorporated into peptidoglycan of a bacterial cell wall.

Disclosed herein are compositions for assessing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in bacteria, for identifying bacteria, and for screening for bacterial cell wall-acting and/or cell wall-disrupting agents via modified D-amino acids and methods of use thereof. Also disclosed are live bacteria having one or more modified D-amino acids as described herein incorporated into peptidoglycan of a bacterial cell wall.

The present invention provides an ?,?-unsaturated amide compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or the like thereof having anticancer activity and the like represented by the following formula (I):

##STR00001##

[wherein, A represents optionally substituted heterocyclic diyl, R.sup.1 represents hydrogen atom or optionally substituted lower alkyl, R.sup.2 represents optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group or optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, X represents O, S, SO.sub.2, NR.sup.X1 (wherein, R.sup.X1 represents hydrogen atom or lower alkyl), CHR.sup.X2 (wherein, R.sup.X2 represents hydrogen atom or hydroxy), CH?CH, CO or NHCO, and n1 and n2 are the same or different, and each represents 0 or 1].

Provided is a solution for the problems associated with cockroach aggregation pheromones and cockroach aggregation attractants or cockroach controlling agents containing cockroach aggregation pheromones. In particular, provided is a compound serving as a cockroach attraction-aggregation substance, the compound being represented by general formula or a salt thereof.

Provided is a solution for the problems associated with cockroach aggregation pheromones and cockroach aggregation attractants or cockroach controlling agents containing cockroach aggregation pheromones. In particular, provided is a compound serving as a cockroach attraction-aggregation substance, the compound being represented by general formula or a salt thereof.

Provided are compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are activators of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and are useful to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative diseases or inflammation. Also provided are methods for their use and production.

Provided are compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are activators of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and are useful to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative diseases or inflammation. Also provided are methods for their use and production.

The present invention relates to a group of compounds of formula (I) containing a chromene nucleus: ##STR00001##
and that present the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes mediated by the Nck interaction with TCR, so that the present invention also relates to the use of these compounds for the treatment of diseases or conditions where said interaction triggers a complication such as transplant rejection reactions, immune or autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases or proliferative diseases.

The present invention relates to a group of compounds of formula (I) containing a chromene nucleus: ##STR00001##
and that present the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes mediated by the Nck interaction with TCR, so that the present invention also relates to the use of these compounds for the treatment of diseases or conditions where said interaction triggers a complication such as transplant rejection reactions, immune or autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases or proliferative diseases.

Described herein are cocrystals of epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC) and caffeine, compositions comprising such cocrystals, methods of making such cocrystals, and methods of improving animal or human health by treating with such cocrystals. In particular, Form I and Form II of a 1:2 (epigallocatechin gallate to caffeine) cocrystal are described.