Provided is a solid acid catalyst for use in oxidation of a substrate in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone (solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation). The solid acid catalyst enables oxidation of the substrate with a high conversion. This solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation is a solid acid catalyst for use in an oxidation reaction to oxidize a substrate (A) in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone. The solid acid catalyst includes a transition metal in the form of an elementary substance, a compound, or an ion, and a support supporting the transition metal. The support includes, at least in its surface, a strong acid or super strong acid having a Hammett acidity function (H.sub.0) of −9 or less. The support is preferably a pellet or particle made of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin, or a support including a solid and a layer of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin disposed on the solid.

The present disclosure relates to an improved process for the preparation of isochroman structured alpha2A adrenoceptor agonist, namely 2-(5-methoxyisochroman-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, such as 2-(5-methoxyisochroman-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole hydrogensulfate of formula (Ia), and to a novel intermediate compound used in the process, namely N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-methoxyisochroman-1-carboxamide monohydrate of formula (V). Alpha2A agonists are useful in the treatment of anxiety, and for use as a sedative or analgesic agent, and other diseases where alpha2A agonism is desired.

The present disclosure relates to an improved process for the preparation of isochroman structured alpha2A adrenoceptor agonist, namely 2-(5-methoxyisochroman-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, such as 2-(5-methoxyisochroman-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole hydrogensulfate of formula (Ia), and to a novel intermediate compound used in the process, namely N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-methoxyisochroman-1-carboxamide monohydrate of formula (V). Alpha2A agonists are useful in the treatment of anxiety, and for use as a sedative or analgesic agent, and other diseases where alpha2A agonism is desired.

Compounds of formula (I) are of use in the modulation of Kv3.1, Kv.3.2 and Kv3.3 channels and have utility in the treatment or prevention of related disorders. ##STR00001##

Compounds of formula (I) are of use in the modulation of Kv3.1, Kv.3.2 and Kv3.3 channels and have utility in the treatment or prevention of related disorders. ##STR00001##

The present application relates to the extraction of phytochemicals, more specifically to methods and systems for the selective extraction of phytochemicals from biomass. A method may comprises placing the biomass into a thermal chamber, the thermal chamber being connected with an eductor through a suction connection, and a discharge port of the eductor being connected to a concentrate tank; generating a vacuum in the thermal chamber by circulating a motive fluid through the eductor; heating the biomass to volatilize one or more phytochemicals; condensing the one or more volatilized phytochemicals by contacting the volatized phytochemicals with the motive fluid; and collecting the one or more condensed phytochemicals into the concentrate tank.

Provided are compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and methods for their use and production.

The present invention provides compounds as PPAR agonists and their application, involving a new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma receptor agonist, which can inhibit the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and most of which can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present invention also includes pharmaceutical uses of the compounds.

The present invention provides compounds as PPAR agonists and their application, involving a new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma receptor agonist, which can inhibit the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and most of which can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present invention also includes pharmaceutical uses of the compounds.

The present application provides methods for treating or preventing diseases and conditions associated with tissue fibrosis.