Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1? activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response or with regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

A method for producing a red colorant composition derived from iridoid compounds, including a step of performing red color development that involves reaction of iridoid aglycones having a carboxyl group at position 4 of an iridoid skeleton with amino group-containing compounds, said red color development being performed in a solution in which ascorbic acid, similar compounds thereof, or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of said ascorbic acid and said similar compounds are contained at a molar ratio of 5 or more with respect to all iridoid compounds in the solution, whereby red colorant compounds having acid resistance are generated.

A method for producing a red colorant composition derived from iridoid compounds, including a step of performing red color development that involves reaction of iridoid aglycones having a carboxyl group at position 4 of an iridoid skeleton with amino group-containing compounds, said red color development being performed in a solution in which ascorbic acid, similar compounds thereof, or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of said ascorbic acid and said similar compounds are contained at a molar ratio of 5 or more with respect to all iridoid compounds in the solution, whereby red colorant compounds having acid resistance are generated.

The invention provides a novel, general, and facile strategy for the creation of small molecules with high structural and stereochemical complexity. Aspects of the methods include ring system distortion reactions that are systematically applied to rapidly convert readily available natural products to structurally complex compounds with diverse molecular architectures. Through evaluation of chemical properties including fraction of sp.sup.3 carbons, ClogP, and the number of stereogenic centers, these compounds are shown to be significantly more complex and diverse than those in standard screening collections. This approach is demonstrated with natural products (gibberellic acid, adrenosterone, and quinine) from three different structural classes, and methods are described for the application of this strategy to any suitable natural product.

The invention provides a novel, general, and facile strategy for the creation of small molecules with high structural and stereochemical complexity. Aspects of the methods include ring system distortion reactions that are systematically applied to rapidly convert readily available natural products to structurally complex compounds with diverse molecular architectures. Through evaluation of chemical properties including fraction of sp.sup.3 carbons, ClogP, and the number of stereogenic centers, these compounds are shown to be significantly more complex and diverse than those in standard screening collections. This approach is demonstrated with natural products (gibberellic acid, adrenosterone, and quinine) from three different structural classes, and methods are described for the application of this strategy to any suitable natural product.

This present invention relates to novel Lubiprostone crystals and methods for preparing the same. The preparation methods provided by the invention can effectively reduce or eliminate impurity in the obtained Lubiprostone crystals.

This present invention relates to novel Lubiprostone crystals and methods for preparing the same. The preparation methods provided by the invention can effectively reduce or eliminate impurity in the obtained Lubiprostone crystals.

Described herein are compounds of Formula I, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or conditions associated with the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase (GCS).

Described herein are compounds of Formula I, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or conditions associated with the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase (GCS).

A method of preparing genipin-rich materials from the fruit of Genipa americana fruit for their use as a cross-linking agent and as a raw material to produce colors is disclosed. The genipin-rich materials can be used in a broad range of applications including personal care, cosmetics, dietary supplements, packaging, textiles, beverages, foodstuffs, drugs, and animal feeds.