The present disclosure relates to methods of carbon-carbon bond fragmentation.

The present disclosure provides a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (III),

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compounds of formula (V),

##STR00002##

and corresponding salts of formula (IV).

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The compounds made by the methods and processes of the invention are particularly useful for administration in humans and animals.

The present disclosure provides a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (III),

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compounds of formula (V),

##STR00002##

and corresponding salts of formula (IV).

##STR00003##

The compounds made by the methods and processes of the invention are particularly useful for administration in humans and animals.

A process for preparing a tin-containing zeolitic material having a BEA framework structure comprising providing a zeolitic material having a BEA framework structure having vacant tetrahedral framework sites, providing a tin-ion source in solid form, incorporating tin into the zeolitic material via solid-state ion exchange, calcining the zeolitic material, and treating the calcined zeolitic material with an aqueous solution having a pH of at most 5.

A process for preparing a tin-containing zeolitic material having a BEA framework structure comprising providing a zeolitic material having a BEA framework structure having vacant tetrahedral framework sites, providing a tin-ion source in solid form, incorporating tin into the zeolitic material via solid-state ion exchange, calcining the zeolitic material, and treating the calcined zeolitic material with an aqueous solution having a pH of at most 5.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing caprolactone pathways having at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a butadiene pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce caprolactone. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce caprolactone by culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial organism containing caprolactone pathways as described herein under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce caprolactone.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing caprolactone pathways having at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a butadiene pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce caprolactone. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce caprolactone by culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial organism containing caprolactone pathways as described herein under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce caprolactone.

The present invention discloses an improved oxidation process using carbon nitride nanotubes as metal free catalyst and molecular O2 as the oxidant to obtain desired adipic acid and other oxygenated hydrocarbons with improved conversion and selectivity.

The present invention discloses an improved oxidation process using carbon nitride nanotubes as metal free catalyst and molecular O2 as the oxidant to obtain desired adipic acid and other oxygenated hydrocarbons with improved conversion and selectivity.

The invention relates to a process for preparing a cyclic ester or a cyclic amide, comprising the step of: contacting at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid and/or at least one amino-carboxylic acid; or an ester, or salt thereof; wherein said hydroxycarboxylic acid is a 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a 6-hydroxycarboxylic acid; and wherein said amino carboxylic acid is a 2-amino-carboxylic acid or a 6-amino-carboxylic acid; with at least one acidic zeolite comprising: two or three interconnected and non-parallel channel systems, wherein at least one of said channel systems comprises 10-or more-membered ring channels; and a framework Si/X.sub.2 ratio of at least 24 as measured by NMR; or three interconnected and non-parallel channel systems, wherein at least two of said channel systems comprise 10-or more-membered ring channels; and a framework Si/X.sub.2 ratio of at least 6 as measured by NMR; wherein each X is Al or B, and wherein the process is performed at a pressure between 0.5 and 20 bar.