Techniques regarding post polymerization modifications to polycarbonate polymers via a flow reactor are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can comprise a cyclic carbonate monomer that can be employed to facilitate polymerization of one or more polycarbonate platforms susceptible to post polymerization modification. For instance, one or more embodiments can regard a cyclic carbonate molecular backbone covalently bonded to an aryl halide functional group via in accordance with a chemical structure selected from the group consisting of:

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In the chemical structures, “R.sub.1” can be selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a functional group comprising a first alkyl group; “L” can represent a linkage group, comprising: a second alkyl group and an end group having at least one member selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom; and “A” can represent the aryl halide functional group.

Techniques regarding post polymerization modifications to polycarbonate polymers via a flow reactor are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can comprise a cyclic carbonate monomer that can be employed to facilitate polymerization of one or more polycarbonate platforms susceptible to post polymerization modification. For instance, one or more embodiments can regard a cyclic carbonate molecular backbone covalently bonded to an aryl halide functional group via in accordance with a chemical structure selected from the group consisting of:

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In the chemical structures, “R.sub.1” can be selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a functional group comprising a first alkyl group; “L” can represent a linkage group, comprising: a second alkyl group and an end group having at least one member selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom; and “A” can represent the aryl halide functional group.

Provided herein are perfluoro copolymers of a perfluoro dioxole monomer, a perfluoro dioxane monomer, and an optional perhalo monomer. Methods of making the perfluoro copolymers and methods of using the perfluoro copolymers are also disclosed.

Provided herein are perfluoro copolymers of a perfluoro dioxole monomer, a perfluoro dioxane monomer, and an optional perhalo monomer. Methods of making the perfluoro copolymers and methods of using the perfluoro copolymers are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a soybean rust fungus having an amino acid substitution of F129L on mitochondrial cytochrome b protein. According to the present invention, a compound represented by formula (I) [wherein R.sup.1 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group and so on, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and when is 2 or 3, a plural of R.sup.2 may be identical to or different from each other, and R.sup.2 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group and so on, Q represents a group represented by Q1 (where • represents a binding site to a benzene ring) and so on, L.sup.1 represents CH.sub.2 or an oxygen atom, and E represents a C1-C6 alkyl group and so on.] can use to control a soybean rust fungus having an amino acid substitution of F129L on mitochondrial cytochrome b protein.

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A compound that helps achieve a high voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition that contains this compound, and a liquid crystal display element made with this liquid crystal composition. More specifically, a compound represented by general formula (Y), which has polymerizable groups and polar group(s). A liquid crystal composition containing one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (Y), each of which has polymerizable groups and polar group(s). A liquid crystal display element made with a liquid crystal composition that contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (Y), each of which has polymerizable groups and polar group(s).

Modular Meldrum's acid amine-reactive Michael acceptor (MaMa)—based molecules that are stable probes for high pH environents and bioconjugations. The molecules of the present invention can selectively label and protect lysine residues. In certain embodiments, the molecules can selectively react with lysine at particular pH levels. The probes of the present invention may be used to label proteins in a fluorescent manner, for purification, imaging, or general protein modifications, however the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned applications.

Modular Meldrum's acid amine-reactive Michael acceptor (MaMa)—based molecules that are stable probes for high pH environents and bioconjugations. The molecules of the present invention can selectively label and protect lysine residues. In certain embodiments, the molecules can selectively react with lysine at particular pH levels. The probes of the present invention may be used to label proteins in a fluorescent manner, for purification, imaging, or general protein modifications, however the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned applications.

The present invention relates to substituted 4-methylene-tetrahydropyrans, 4-methyl-dihydropyrans and 4-methyl-tetrahydropyrans of formula (I), where the variables are as defined in the claims and description, to a stereoisomer thereof, to a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, to a mixture of different di- and tetrahydropyrans (I) and to a mixture containing at least one di- or tetrahydropyran (I) and at least one cyclic acetal which is a 1,3-dioxan carrying in 2-position an isobutanol-2-yl-(derived) substituent and in 4,4- or 5,5-position two methyl substituents. The invention also relates to the use of such compounds as an aroma chemical and/or for modifying and/or enhancing the aroma of a composition, to compositions comprising such compounds, to methods for preparing such compounds and to a product obtainable by these methods.

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The present invention relates to substituted 4-methylene-tetrahydropyrans, 4-methyl-dihydropyrans and 4-methyl-tetrahydropyrans of formula (I), where the variables are as defined in the claims and description, to a stereoisomer thereof, to a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, to a mixture of different di- and tetrahydropyrans (I) and to a mixture containing at least one di- or tetrahydropyran (I) and at least one cyclic acetal which is a 1,3-dioxan carrying in 2-position an isobutanol-2-yl-(derived) substituent and in 4,4- or 5,5-position two methyl substituents. The invention also relates to the use of such compounds as an aroma chemical and/or for modifying and/or enhancing the aroma of a composition, to compositions comprising such compounds, to methods for preparing such compounds and to a product obtainable by these methods.

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