A photoresist composition containing (A) a polymer having a structural unit (I) that includes an acid-labile group, and (I) a compound represented by the following formula (1). In the following formula (1), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. X represents a single bond, an oxygen atom or —NR.sup.a—. R.sup.a represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally taken together represents a ring structure by binding with R each other. A.sup.− represents —SO.sub.3.sup.− or —CO.sub.2.sup.−. M.sup.+ represents a monovalent onium cation. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process of a cis/trans isomerization of an unsaturated compound A being selected from the group consisting of unsaturated ketones, unsaturated ketals, unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated acetals, unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and amides of an unsaturated carboxylic acid using polythiol as cis/trans isomerization catalyst. It has been observed that the isomerization is very efficient and fast.

The present invention relates to a process of a cis/trans isomerization of an unsaturated compound A being selected from the group consisting of unsaturated ketones, unsaturated ketals, unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated acetals, unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and amides of an unsaturated carboxylic acid using polythiol as cis/trans isomerization catalyst. It has been observed that the isomerization is very efficient and fast.

A salt having a group represented by formula (a): ##STR00001## wherein X.sup.a and X.sup.b each independently represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, X.sup.1 represents a divalent group having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, and * represents a binding site.

A salt having a group represented by formula (a): ##STR00001## wherein X.sup.a and X.sup.b each independently represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, X.sup.1 represents a divalent group having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, and * represents a binding site.

Compounds of the formula I, ##STR00001##
in which Y.sup.1 denotes —O— or —CH.sub.2—, and the groups R.sup.1, L.sup.1 to L.sup.6 and X.sup.1 have the meanings indicated in claim 1. A process for the preparation thereof, and liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I and electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium this type. The compounds of the formula I include, as structural element, a combination of a 1,4-substituted cyclohexene ring besides a dioxane or tetrahydropyran ring and a substituted biphenyl group.

Compounds of the formula I, ##STR00001##
in which Y.sup.1 denotes —O— or —CH.sub.2—, and the groups R.sup.1, L.sup.1 to L.sup.6 and X.sup.1 have the meanings indicated in claim 1. A process for the preparation thereof, and liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I and electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium this type. The compounds of the formula I include, as structural element, a combination of a 1,4-substituted cyclohexene ring besides a dioxane or tetrahydropyran ring and a substituted biphenyl group.

A compound having the structure of general formula I is useful as a liquid crystal composition and as a photoelectric display device including the liquid crystal composition. The compound having the structure of general formula I is chemically and physically stable, and has higher clearing point, and both large dielectric anisotropy and large optical anisotropy at the same time. The compound having the structure of general formula I is well compatible with other liquid crystal compounds when applied in a liquid crystal composition, the composition has good stability especially in a low-temperature environment, the characteristic of fast response and a wide range of applicabilities, especially applicable to the IPS-type and TN-TFT-type liquid crystal display devices. ##STR00001##

A compound having the structure of general formula I is useful as a liquid crystal composition and as a photoelectric display device including the liquid crystal composition. The compound having the structure of general formula I is chemically and physically stable, and has higher clearing point, and both large dielectric anisotropy and large optical anisotropy at the same time. The compound having the structure of general formula I is well compatible with other liquid crystal compounds when applied in a liquid crystal composition, the composition has good stability especially in a low-temperature environment, the characteristic of fast response and a wide range of applicabilities, especially applicable to the IPS-type and TN-TFT-type liquid crystal display devices. ##STR00001##

In immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL), the unique antibody light chain (LC) protein that is secreted by monoclonal plasma cells in each patient misfolds and/or aggregates, a process leading to organ degeneration. For treating AL patients, such as those with substantial cardiac involvement who have difficulty tolerating existing chemotherapy regimens, provided herein are small molecule compounds of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, and Formula II that are kinetic stabilizers of the native dimeric structure of full-length LCs, which compounds can slow or stop the amyloidogenicity cascade at its origin.