Provided are a carboxylate capable of producing a resist pattern with satisfactory CD uniformity (CDU), and a resist composition. Disclosed are a carboxylate represented by formula (I) and a resist composition:

##STR00001##

wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, X.sup.1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, —CH.sub.2— included in the haloalkyl group and the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, m1 represents an integer of 1 to 6, m2 represents an integer of 0 to 4, and Z.sup.+ represents an organic cation.

Provided herein is a compound of Formula (I-I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables are defined herein. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I-I), and methods of using the compounds, e.g. in the treatment of CNS-related disorders. ##STR00001##

An onium salt having formula (1) serving as an acid diffusion inhibitor and a chemically amplified resist composition comprising the acid diffusion inhibitor are provided. When processed by lithography, the resist composition forms a pattern having minimal defects and excellent lithography performance factors such as CDU, LWR and DOF.

##STR00001##

Provided are a 1,3-di-substituted ketene compound having a structure as represented by formula (I) and an application thereof. Such a type of compound primarily activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, and also activates PPPAδ and PPPAγ. The compound may be used to treat various diseases associated with PPAR regulation and control abnormality, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and especially in treating non-alcoholic hepatitis, and may potentially be used in the treatment of diseases comprising diabetes, obesity, fibrotic diseases, cardiovascular diseases (comprising heart failure, atherosclerosis, and so on), kidney diseases (comprising chronic kidney disease, renal failure, and so on), and brain degenerative diseases (comprising Alzheimer's disease and so on), having great application value. ##STR00001##

Provided are a 1,3-di-substituted ketene compound having a structure as represented by formula (I) and an application thereof. Such a type of compound primarily activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, and also activates PPPAδ and PPPAγ. The compound may be used to treat various diseases associated with PPAR regulation and control abnormality, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and especially in treating non-alcoholic hepatitis, and may potentially be used in the treatment of diseases comprising diabetes, obesity, fibrotic diseases, cardiovascular diseases (comprising heart failure, atherosclerosis, and so on), kidney diseases (comprising chronic kidney disease, renal failure, and so on), and brain degenerative diseases (comprising Alzheimer's disease and so on), having great application value. ##STR00001##

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a compound represented by General Formula (I) and an acid-decomposable resin.

M.sub.1.sup.+A.sup.−-L-B.sup.−M.sub.2.sup.+  (I)

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a compound represented by General Formula (I) and an acid-decomposable resin.

M.sub.1.sup.+A.sup.−-L-B.sup.−M.sub.2.sup.+  (I)

A resist composition that contains a base material component exhibiting changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid and a compound (D0) represented by General Formula (d0), in which R.sup.01, R.sup.02, R.sup.03, and R.sup.04 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group; alternatively, R.sup.01 and R.sup.02, R.sup.02 and R.sup.03, or R.sup.03 and R.sup.04 are bonded to each other to form an aromatic ring; R.sup.05 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; Y represents a group that forms an alicyclic group together with a carbon atom *C; provided that at least one of the carbon atoms that form the alicyclic group is substituted with an ether bond, a thioether bond, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, or a sulfonyl group; m represents an integer of 1 or more, and M.sup.m+ represents an m-valent organic cation

##STR00001##

A resist composition that contains a base material component exhibiting changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid and a compound (D0) represented by General Formula (d0), in which R.sup.01, R.sup.02, R.sup.03, and R.sup.04 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group; alternatively, R.sup.01 and R.sup.02, R.sup.02 and R.sup.03, or R.sup.03 and R.sup.04 are bonded to each other to form an aromatic ring; R.sup.05 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; Y represents a group that forms an alicyclic group together with a carbon atom *C; provided that at least one of the carbon atoms that form the alicyclic group is substituted with an ether bond, a thioether bond, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, or a sulfonyl group; m represents an integer of 1 or more, and M.sup.m+ represents an m-valent organic cation

##STR00001##

A salt represented by the formula (I): ##STR00001##