The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I)

##STR00001##

in which Q, V, T, W, X, Y and A have the meanings given in the descriptionand to their use for controlling animal pests.

Provided are a compound represented by the following Formula (III), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof used as a therapeutic agent for gout or hyperuricemia. (In the Formula (III), R.sup.1a, R.sup.2a, R.sup.6a, and R.sup.7a represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyano group, R.sup.3a and R.sup.8a form a benzene ring or a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms, as a ring constituent element, selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms together with two carbon atoms to which R.sup.3a and R.sup.8a are bonded, R.sup.4a and R.sup.5a form a benzene ring together with two carbon atoms to which R.sup.4a and R.sup.5a are bonded or represent any of the groups represented by R.sup.1a described above, W.sup.a represents CR.sup.10a or N, and where, R.sup.10a represents any of the groups represented by R.sup.1a, X.sup.a represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y.sup.a represents an alkylene chain having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, the alkylene chain may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and the alkylene chain may be a linear or branched alkylene chain, the branched alkylene chain may have a 3- to 7-membered ring formed by side chains bonded to carbon atoms which are the same as or different from each other, together with the carbon atoms to which the side chains are bonded and may have a double bond in the middle thereof, and Z.sup.a represents CO.sub.2H). ##STR00001##

Provided are a compound represented by the following Formula (III), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof used as a therapeutic agent for gout or hyperuricemia. (In the Formula (III), R.sup.1a, R.sup.2a, R.sup.6a, and R.sup.7a represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyano group, R.sup.3a and R.sup.8a form a benzene ring or a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms, as a ring constituent element, selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms together with two carbon atoms to which R.sup.3a and R.sup.8a are bonded, R.sup.4a and R.sup.5a form a benzene ring together with two carbon atoms to which R.sup.4a and R.sup.5a are bonded or represent any of the groups represented by R.sup.1a described above, W.sup.a represents CR.sup.10a or N, and where, R.sup.10a represents any of the groups represented by R.sup.1a, X.sup.a represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y.sup.a represents an alkylene chain having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, the alkylene chain may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and the alkylene chain may be a linear or branched alkylene chain, the branched alkylene chain may have a 3- to 7-membered ring formed by side chains bonded to carbon atoms which are the same as or different from each other, together with the carbon atoms to which the side chains are bonded and may have a double bond in the middle thereof, and Z.sup.a represents CO.sub.2H). ##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating retinal damage and/or retinal degradation/retinal degeneration, for inhibiting inflammasome activation by Alu RNA associated with a cell, for reducing ATP-induced permeability of a cell, for reducing an amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a cell, and for reducing an amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a cell. The present disclosure further relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for use in protecting an RPE cell and/or for treating, including prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, of conditions associated with retinal damage and/or degradation including, but not limited to, dry age related macular degeneration (AMD) and wet AMD, Alzheimer disease, various forms of arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The present disclosure relates to modified nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), such as ##STR00001##
and compositions thereof, as well as methods useful for treating retinal damage and/or retinal degradation/retinal degeneration, for inhibiting inflammasome activation by Alu RNA associated with a cell, for reducing ATP-induced permeability of a cell, for reducing an amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a cell, and for reducing an amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a cell. The present disclosure further relates to modified NRTIs and compositions thereof, as well as methods for use in protecting an RPE cell and/or for treating, including prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, of conditions associated with retinal damage and/or degradation including, but not limited to, dry age related macular degeneration (AMD) and wet AMD, Alzheimer disease, various forms of arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The present disclosure relates to modified nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), such as ##STR00001##
and compositions thereof, as well as methods useful for treating retinal damage and/or retinal degradation/retinal degeneration, for inhibiting inflammasome activation by Alu RNA associated with a cell, for reducing ATP-induced permeability of a cell, for reducing an amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a cell, and for reducing an amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a cell. The present disclosure further relates to modified NRTIs and compositions thereof, as well as methods for use in protecting an RPE cell and/or for treating, including prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, of conditions associated with retinal damage and/or degradation including, but not limited to, dry age related macular degeneration (AMD) and wet AMD, Alzheimer disease, various forms of arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

An electrolytic solution includes the compound of Formula I and a carboxylate compound: ##STR00001##
The electrochemical device prepared with the electrolytic solution has reduced storage impedance, and improved post-storage swelling, overcharge performance and hot box performance.

Provided are compounds of Formula I: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, X and m are as defined herein. Also provided is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods of using a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present application relates to spirobifluorene derivatives of a formula (I), to the use thereof in electronic devices, and to processes for preparing said derivatives.

The present invention includes fused tetraphenylene compounds that may be used as charge transporters, hosts or emitters in OLEDs.