The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are selective Factor XIa inhibitors or dual inhibitors of fXIa and plasma kallikrein. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treating thromboembolic and/or inflammatory disorders using the same.

The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods for preventing, treating or curing hepatitis B (HBV) infection in human subjects or other animal hosts. The compounds are as also pharmaceutically acceptable, salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof as pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment, prevention or eradication of HBV infection.

The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods for preventing, treating or curing hepatitis B (HBV) infection in human subjects or other animal hosts. The compounds are as also pharmaceutically acceptable, salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof as pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment, prevention or eradication of HBV infection.

A method for isolating cytisine from plant material includes dissolving the plant material in an alcohol to form a liquid mixture and acidifying the liquid mixture by addition of an acid. The method also includes concentrating the liquid mixture to form a concentrated aqueous solution and extracting the concentrated aqueous solution with a first extractant to form a purified aqueous concentrate. The method includes alkalizing the purified aqueous concentrate with an alkalizing agent to form an alkaline aqueous concentrate. The method further includes extracting the alkaline aqueous concentrate with a second extractant and removing the second extractant to obtain cytisine.

A method for isolating cytisine from plant material includes dissolving the plant material in an alcohol to form a liquid mixture and acidifying the liquid mixture by addition of an acid. The method also includes concentrating the liquid mixture to form a concentrated aqueous solution and extracting the concentrated aqueous solution with a first extractant to form a purified aqueous concentrate. The method includes alkalizing the purified aqueous concentrate with an alkalizing agent to form an alkaline aqueous concentrate. The method further includes extracting the alkaline aqueous concentrate with a second extractant and removing the second extractant to obtain cytisine.

The present disclosure relates generally to certain tricyclic compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, and methods of making said compounds and pharmaceutical compositions. The compounds of the disclosure are useful in treating or preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Compounds for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are disclosed. The compounds have the following Formula (I):

##STR00001##

including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, X, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, or L are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

Compounds for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are disclosed. The compounds have the following Formula (I):

##STR00001##

including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, X, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, or L are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

The invention relates to ligands and complexes of metal ions with the ligands useful in various applications, including therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

The invention relates to ligands and complexes of metal ions with the ligands useful in various applications, including therapeutic and diagnostic applications.