A selenium-rich enhancer for plant cultivation and preparation and application thereof. The selenium-rich enhancer contains: an organic selenocyano-compound. The organic selenocyano-compound is selected from one or a combination of the compounds of the structure of Formula I or Formula II, Formula I: RSeCN, wherein, R is alkyl or aromatic groups; and Formula II: (RSeCN).sub.nA, wherein, R is alkyl or aromatic groups, n is an integer of 1-5, and A is a cation. The selenium-rich enhancer is employed to cultivate plants by utilizing the organic selenocyano-compound, and the survival rates, yields and organic selenium contents of plants are all improved. When pepper is planted by using that, the selenium content can reach more than 180 g/kg.

A plant treatment method and composition are described. A composition includes one or more plant defense enhancers and one or more biostimulants. When applied to plants, the composition can provide enhanced fruit setting and enhanced yield.

A plant treatment method and composition are described. A composition includes one or more plant defense enhancers and one or more biostimulants. When applied to plants, the composition can provide enhanced fruit setting and enhanced yield.

Described herein are antimicrobial articles having improved antimicrobial efficacy and antireflective properties. Further described are methods of making and using the improved articles. The antimicrobial articles generally include an antimicrobial element and an antireflective element. The antireflective element, in some cases, can be disposed directly on a glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic substrate and the antimicrobial element is disposed on the antireflective element. The article can exhibit a reflectance of about 4% or less (and less than 1% in some cases) in the range of about 425 nm to about 725 nm. Further, the article can be characterized with an antimicrobial efficacy by exhibiting at least a 2 log reduction in a concentration of at least Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria under a Modified EPA Copper Test Protocol.

Described herein are antimicrobial articles having improved antimicrobial efficacy and antireflective properties. Further described are methods of making and using the improved articles. The antimicrobial articles generally include an antimicrobial element and an antireflective element. The antireflective element, in some cases, can be disposed directly on a glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic substrate and the antimicrobial element is disposed on the antireflective element. The article can exhibit a reflectance of about 4% or less (and less than 1% in some cases) in the range of about 425 nm to about 725 nm. Further, the article can be characterized with an antimicrobial efficacy by exhibiting at least a 2 log reduction in a concentration of at least Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria under a Modified EPA Copper Test Protocol.

Embodiments of the present invention pertain to antimicrobial glass compositions, glasses and articles. The articles include a glass, which may include a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In other embodiments, the glasses include as plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions, a degradable phase including B2O3, P.sub.2O.sub.5 and K.sub.2O and a durable phase including SiO.sub.2. Other embodiments include glasses having a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The article may also include a polymer. The glasses and articles disclosed herein exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.

Embodiments of the present invention pertain to antimicrobial glass compositions, glasses and articles. The articles include a glass, which may include a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In other embodiments, the glasses include as plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions, a degradable phase including B2O3, P.sub.2O.sub.5 and K.sub.2O and a durable phase including SiO.sub.2. Other embodiments include glasses having a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The article may also include a polymer. The glasses and articles disclosed herein exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.

In some embodiments, a method may include inhibiting and/or dispersing a biofilm. The method may include administering a composition to a biofilm on a surface. In some embodiments, the biofilm may include a plurality of microorganisms coupled together. The composition may include a boric acid. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the composition is dissolved in a solvent. In some embodiments, the method may include dispersing the biofilm using the composition. In some embodiments, the method may include dispersing the biofilm by uncoupling at least some of the plurality of microorganisms. In some embodiments, the method may include administering to the surface an antimicrobial treatment.

In some embodiments, a method may include inhibiting and/or dispersing a biofilm. The method may include administering a composition to a biofilm on a surface. In some embodiments, the biofilm may include a plurality of microorganisms coupled together. The composition may include a boric acid. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the composition is dissolved in a solvent. In some embodiments, the method may include dispersing the biofilm using the composition. In some embodiments, the method may include dispersing the biofilm by uncoupling at least some of the plurality of microorganisms. In some embodiments, the method may include administering to the surface an antimicrobial treatment.

In some embodiments, a method may include inhibiting and/or dispersing a biofilm. The method may include administering a composition to a biofilm on a surface. In some embodiments, the biofilm may include a plurality of microorganisms coupled together. The composition may include a boric acid. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the composition is dissolved in a solvent. In some embodiments, the method may include dispersing the biofilm using the composition. In some embodiments, the method may include dispersing the biofilm by uncoupling at least some of the plurality of microorganisms. In some embodiments, the method may include administering to the surface an antimicrobial treatment.