Biocidal coatings include flake shaped particles that are deposed with a vertical orientation to form a coating which is biocidal to pathogens including viruses, bacteria, biofilms, fungi, microbes, algae, and other pathogens. In some embodiments, the pathogen membrane becomes lacerated when contacting the blade shaped flake particle. In other embodiments, a flake shaped particle which is a semiconductor generates radicals, or hydroxyls, or oxidizers, which transit to pathogens, and stress or deactivate the pathogens. In still more embodiments, this generation of radicals, hydroxyls, or oxidizers by the semiconductive flake shaped particle is increased with light irradiation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a spraying agent containing a pesticide having a higher pesticidal effect. The spraying agent of the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by being an aqueous solution containing, as the pesticide, boric acid that acts as a food poison for pests (for example, red mites) and an alkali metal silicate that acts as a spiracle barrier and a migration suppressor for pests, and further containing at least one of a protein and a carbohydrate for acting to attract or feed the pests, and an emulsifier or a surfactant and a fat and oil having an effect of removing the oil or fat on the epidermis of the pests.

An object of the present invention is to provide a spraying agent containing a pesticide having a higher pesticidal effect. The spraying agent of the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by being an aqueous solution containing, as the pesticide, boric acid that acts as a food poison for pests (for example, red mites) and an alkali metal silicate that acts as a spiracle barrier and a migration suppressor for pests, and further containing at least one of a protein and a carbohydrate for acting to attract or feed the pests, and an emulsifier or a surfactant and a fat and oil having an effect of removing the oil or fat on the epidermis of the pests.

An object of the present invention is to provide a spraying agent containing a pesticide having a higher pesticidal effect. The spraying agent of the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by being an aqueous solution containing, as the pesticide, boric acid that acts as a food poison for pests (for example, red mites) and an alkali metal silicate that acts as a spiracle barrier and a migration suppressor for pests, and further containing at least one of a protein and a carbohydrate for acting to attract or feed the pests, and an emulsifier or a surfactant and a fat and oil having an effect of removing the oil or fat on the epidermis of the pests.

Some embodiments of the invention include a synthetic biocidal surface comprising an array of disordered nanospikes. The biocidal surface may be lethal to cells on said surface due to piercing of cell membranes by said nanospikes. Some embodiments may include a method of producing a synthetic biocidal surface comprising an array of disordered nanospikes that may include exposing a silicon comprising substrate surface to reactive-ion etching.

A composition for an alloy according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a composition for an alloy having antimicrobial activity, and may contain a first component composed of Fe and Ni, a second component composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of Cr, Co, Mo, and Cu, and a third component composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of Si, B, and P.

A composition for an alloy according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a composition for an alloy having antimicrobial activity, and may contain a first component composed of Fe and Ni, a second component composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of Cr, Co, Mo, and Cu, and a third component composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of Si, B, and P.

A urine preservative composition in solid form, based on boric acid and D-mannitol is disclosed. The urine preservative composition consists of boric acid from 37.0 to 69.7% by weight, D-Mannitol from 9.6 to 16.2% by weight, sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium carbonate from 18.0 to 25.0% by weight, polyvinylpyrrolidone from 0.1 to 2% by weight and sodium citrate and/or potassium sorbate from 0% to 24.2% by weight.

A urine preservative composition in solid form, based on boric acid and D-mannitol is disclosed. The urine preservative composition consists of boric acid from 37.0 to 69.7% by weight, D-Mannitol from 9.6 to 16.2% by weight, sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium carbonate from 18.0 to 25.0% by weight, polyvinylpyrrolidone from 0.1 to 2% by weight and sodium citrate and/or potassium sorbate from 0% to 24.2% by weight.

Termicidal compositions to control insects consisting of cold pressed orange oil with a high concentration D-Limonene of at least 80% and consisting of an acrylic lacquer, for protective repellents against termite infestation, are provided. The preferred termicidal compositions to control insects consist of cold pressed orange oil with a high concentration D-Limonene of at least 80%, an acrylic lacquer, boric acid, and water.