To provide a chiral reagent or a salt thereof. The chiral reagent has following chemical formula (I). In the formula (I), G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom, a nitro group (—NO.sub.2), a halogen atom, a cyano group (—CN), a group of formula (II) or (III), or both G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 taken together to form a group of formula (IV). ##STR00001##

The specification generally relates to compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have any of the meanings defined herein. The specification also relates to the use of such compounds and salts thereof to treat or prevent DNA-PK mediated disease, including cancer. The specification further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and salts; kits comprising such compounds and salts; methods of manufacture of such compounds and salts; intermediates useful in the manufacture of such compounds and salts; and to methods of treating DNA-PK mediated disease, including cancer, using such compounds and salts.

The specification generally relates to compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have any of the meanings defined herein. The specification also relates to the use of such compounds and salts thereof to treat or prevent DNA-PK mediated disease, including cancer. The specification further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and salts; kits comprising such compounds and salts; methods of manufacture of such compounds and salts; intermediates useful in the manufacture of such compounds and salts; and to methods of treating DNA-PK mediated disease, including cancer, using such compounds and salts.

The present invention relates to γ-PNA monomers according to Formula I where substituent groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, B and P are defined as set forth in the specification. The invention also provides methodology for synthesizing compounds according to Formula I and methodology for synthesizing PNA oligomers that incorporate one or more Formula I monomers.

The present invention relates to γ-PNA monomers according to Formula I where substituent groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, B and P are defined as set forth in the specification. The invention also provides methodology for synthesizing compounds according to Formula I and methodology for synthesizing PNA oligomers that incorporate one or more Formula I monomers.

The present invention relates to 2′-Fluoro-6′-methylene carbocyclic nucleosides, pharmaceutical compositions containing these nucleosides and their use in the treatment or prophylaxis of a number of viral infections and secondary disease states and conditions thereof, especially including Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and secondary disease states and conditions thereof (cirrhosis and liver cancer), Heptatitis C virus (HCV), Herpes Simplex virus I and II (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and secondary cancers which occur thereof (lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, including drug resistant (especially including lamivudine and/or adefovir resistant) and other mutant forms of these viruses, especially HBV.

The present invention relates to 2′-Fluoro-6′-methylene carbocyclic nucleosides, pharmaceutical compositions containing these nucleosides and their use in the treatment or prophylaxis of a number of viral infections and secondary disease states and conditions thereof, especially including Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and secondary disease states and conditions thereof (cirrhosis and liver cancer), Heptatitis C virus (HCV), Herpes Simplex virus I and II (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and secondary cancers which occur thereof (lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, including drug resistant (especially including lamivudine and/or adefovir resistant) and other mutant forms of these viruses, especially HBV.

Provided are a novel compound having an antagonistic activity for the P2X.sub.7 receptor, and a pharmaceutical composition having an antagonistic activity for the P2X.sub.7 receptor. The compound represented by Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein the symbols are defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Provided are a novel compound having an antagonistic activity for the P2X.sub.7 receptor, and a pharmaceutical composition having an antagonistic activity for the P2X.sub.7 receptor. The compound represented by Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein the symbols are defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention is generally directed to novel fluorophores and their use in imaging methods. In one case, the present invention provides a compound according to the structure shown in FIG. 20A. In another case, the present invention provides a method of imaging one or more cellular structures within one or more cells using a compound of the structure shown in FIG. 20A.