To provide a chiral reagent or a salt thereof. The chiral reagent has following chemical formula (I). In the formula (I), G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom, a nitro group (NO.sub.2), a halogen atom, a cyano group (CN), a group of formula (II) or (III), or both G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 taken together to form a group of formula (IV). ##STR00001##

Provided is a novel compound or salt thereof that induces degradation by autophagy of an intracellular molecule. In this compound, a ligand having activity to bind to an intracellular molecule and a structure having activity to induce autophagy of an intracellular molecule are linked via a linker without loss of the activity of the ligand and the structure.

Disclosed are an anti-ice nucleation activator comprising a purine base or a purine base-containing polymer, and an antifreeze liquid comprising the anti-ice nucleation activator and water; a method for improving the anti-ice nucleation activity of a biological material, the method comprising bringing the anti-ice nucleation activator into contact with the biological material; and a method for preserving a biological material, the method comprising bringing the anti-ice nucleation activator into contact with a biological material.

Disclosed are an anti-ice nucleation activator comprising a purine base or a purine base-containing polymer, and an antifreeze liquid comprising the anti-ice nucleation activator and water; a method for improving the anti-ice nucleation activity of a biological material, the method comprising bringing the anti-ice nucleation activator into contact with the biological material; and a method for preserving a biological material, the method comprising bringing the anti-ice nucleation activator into contact with a biological material.

The present invention relates to a compound having the following formula, or a stereoisomer thereof, a prodrug thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, preparation method thereof, pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and use of the compound in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating tumor, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification.

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The present invention relates to a compound having the following formula, or a stereoisomer thereof, a prodrug thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, preparation method thereof, pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and use of the compound in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating tumor, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification.

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Compounds having a structure according to formula (I) or (II)

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where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Ar and X.sup.1 are as defined herein, are agonists for the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and can be used as adjuvants for stimulating the immune system. Some such compounds can be used in conjugates for targeted delivery to the organ or tissue of intended action.

Compounds having a structure according to formula (I) or (II)

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where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Ar and X.sup.1 are as defined herein, are agonists for the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and can be used as adjuvants for stimulating the immune system. Some such compounds can be used in conjugates for targeted delivery to the organ or tissue of intended action.

The present specification relates to adenine conjugate compounds represented by the formula (1), wherein A, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, X.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and m are as defined herein, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Compounds of formula (1) have immunostimulating properties and may therefore be useful in therapy, for example as vaccine adjuvants. The present specification also relates to a process for preparing adenine conjugate compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising adenine conjugate compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. ##STR00001##

The present specification relates to adenine conjugate compounds represented by the formula (1), wherein A, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, X.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and m are as defined herein, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Compounds of formula (1) have immunostimulating properties and may therefore be useful in therapy, for example as vaccine adjuvants. The present specification also relates to a process for preparing adenine conjugate compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising adenine conjugate compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. ##STR00001##