Described herein are borate salts useful as additives, binders, and electrolyte salts for solid state lithium ion batteries. In particular, the borate salts of Formula (I), Formula (II) and Formula (III) as described herein: ##STR00001##
can be polymerized, or can be bound to an existing polymer, to provide polymeric binders for ceramic solid state electrolytes that are themselves capable of ion transport independent of the ceramic.

A polymer compound has a repeating unit represented by general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1a represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group or an aralkyl group, each possibly substituted and the same or different; and X.sup.1a represents a group selected from formulae (1a) to (1c).] ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.1c represents an aryl group or a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group, possibly substituted; and R.sup.1d to R.sup.1f represent each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an arylalkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a substituted carbonyl group, a substituted carboxyl group, a fluorine atom or a cyano group; and the pairs R.sup.1d and R.sup.1e, R.sup.1f and R.sup.1g, R.sup.1d and R.sup.1f, and R.sup.1e and R.sup.1g may be mutually linked to form a ring together with a carbon atom to which they are linked.

A polymer compound has a repeating unit represented by general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1a represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group or an aralkyl group, each possibly substituted and the same or different; and X.sup.1a represents a group selected from formulae (1a) to (1c).] ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.1c represents an aryl group or a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group, possibly substituted; and R.sup.1d to R.sup.1f represent each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an arylalkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a substituted carbonyl group, a substituted carboxyl group, a fluorine atom or a cyano group; and the pairs R.sup.1d and R.sup.1e, R.sup.1f and R.sup.1g, R.sup.1d and R.sup.1f, and R.sup.1e and R.sup.1g may be mutually linked to form a ring together with a carbon atom to which they are linked.

A method of producing an alcohol, comprises reducing an aldehyde or a ketone with a hydridosilatrane. The reducing is carried out with an activator.

A method of performing a chemical reaction includes reacting a compound selected from the group consisting of an organohalide and an organo-pseudohalide, and a protected organoboronic acid represented by formula (I) in a reaction mixture:
R.sup.1—B-T  (I);
where R.sup.1 represents an organic group, T represents a conformationally rigid protecting group, and B represents boron having sp.sup.3 hybridization. When unprotected, the corresponding organoboronic acid is unstable by the boronic acid neat stability test. The reaction mixture further includes a base having a pK.sub.B of at least 1 and a palladium catalyst. The method further includes forming a cross-coupled product in the reaction mixture.

The present invention relates to an application of 4-MePhNHLi, in particular, to an application of 4-MePhNHLi in catalyzing hydroboration reaction of imine and borane. A catalyst, borane, and imine are stirred and mixed uniformly in sequence for reaction for 1-2 hours, the reaction is terminated by exposure to air, and the solvent in the reaction liquid is removed under reduced pressure to obtain borate esters having different substituents. According to the present invention, 4-MePhNHLi can catalyze hydroboration reaction of imine and borane at high activity at room temperature, the amount of catalyst is only 4-5 mol % of the molar mass of imine, and the reaction can reach a yield of more than 90%; compared with an existing catalytic system, simple 4-MePhNHLi is used, the reaction conditions are mild, and the yield of borate esters having different substituents can reach 99% in optimized conditions.

The present invention relates to an application of 4-MePhNHLi, in particular, to an application of 4-MePhNHLi in catalyzing hydroboration reaction of imine and borane. A catalyst, borane, and imine are stirred and mixed uniformly in sequence for reaction for 1-2 hours, the reaction is terminated by exposure to air, and the solvent in the reaction liquid is removed under reduced pressure to obtain borate esters having different substituents. According to the present invention, 4-MePhNHLi can catalyze hydroboration reaction of imine and borane at high activity at room temperature, the amount of catalyst is only 4-5 mol % of the molar mass of imine, and the reaction can reach a yield of more than 90%; compared with an existing catalytic system, simple 4-MePhNHLi is used, the reaction conditions are mild, and the yield of borate esters having different substituents can reach 99% in optimized conditions.

The present disclosure relates generally to systems, methods, and compounds for therapeutic use against parasitic infections. More particularly, the disclosure relates to anti-parasitic compounds, and methods for making and for using the anti-parasitic compounds, where the anti-parasitic compounds have the general formula:

##STR00001##

where X, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are defined more fully below.

The present disclosure relates generally to systems, methods, and compounds for therapeutic use against parasitic infections. More particularly, the disclosure relates to anti-parasitic compounds, and methods for making and for using the anti-parasitic compounds, where the anti-parasitic compounds have the general formula:

##STR00001##

where X, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are defined more fully below.

A compound of formula (XXIII) and methods for preparation thereof are provided (XXIII).

##STR00001##