A photochromic composition contains, in a predetermined combination: one or more photochromic compounds represented by General Formula 1; and one or more selected from the group consisting of a photochromic compound represented by General Formula A, a photochromic compound represented by General Formula B, and a photochromic compound represented by General Formula C.

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A photochromic composition containing one or more compounds represented by General Formula A and one or more compounds represented by General Formula B. In General Formula A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, B.sup.1, and B.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and R.sup.3 to R.sup.6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an electron-withdrawing group, provided that one or more of R.sup.3 to R.sup.6 represent an electron-withdrawing group. In General Formula B, R.sup.7 to R.sup.12, B.sup.3, and B.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating group, provided that one or more of R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 represent an electron-donating group.

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This application relates, in part, to novel salts represented by the following structure of Formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl (e.g., unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, e.g., CH.sub.3); R.sup.1b is optionally substituted alkyl (e.g., unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, e.g., CH.sub.3); each occurrence of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can combine with each other to form optionally substituted cycloalkyl; each m and n is independently an integer ranging from 1 to 20 (e.g., m and n is independently an integer ranging from 1 to 5); and each of Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 is independently a counterion (e.g., each of Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 is independently a counterion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, acetate, carboxylate, hydrogen sulfate, nitrate, and phenolate, and sulfonate, e.g., chloride), and methods of making the same.

The present technology is directed to polypropionate lactone stereotetrads of Formula (I) (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof) which are significant intermediates for multiple synthetic applications.

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Cross-linked sol-gel like materials and cross-linked aerogels, as well as methods for making such cross-linked sol-gel like materials and cross-linked aerogels are described.

Cross-linked sol-gel like materials and cross-linked aerogels, as well as methods for making such cross-linked sol-gel like materials and cross-linked aerogels are described.

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery which includes a compound acting as a HF scavenger, and a lithium secondary battery in which cycle life characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics are improved by including the same.

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery which includes a compound acting as a HF scavenger, and a lithium secondary battery in which cycle life characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics are improved by including the same.

A compound useful as a release agent, and a release agent, a curable composition, and a nanoimprint lithography resin material each containing the compound are provided. More specifically, a calixarene compound with a molecular structure represented by the following structural formula (1) and a composition containing the calixarene compound are provided.

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wherein R.sup.1 denotes a structural moiety with a perfluoroalkyl group, R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom, a polar group, a polymerizable group, or a structural moiety with a polar group or a polymerizable group, R.sup.3 denotes a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, or an aryl group that may have a substituent, n denotes an integer in the range of 2 to 10, and * denotes a bonding point with an aromatic ring.

The present application relates to an ionic compound, an electrolyte solution, a secondary battery and an electrical apparatus, wherein the ionic compound is represented by formula (1); wherein each R.sub.1 is independently selected from alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms substituted with fluorine or aryl having 6-30 carbon atoms substituted with fluorine, respectively; wherein any two adjacent OR.sub.1 groups and A.sup.? can form a ring through the carbon atom in each R.sub.1 as a site of attachment; A.sup.? represents B.sup.? or Si.sup.?, and Y.sup.+ represents a sodium ion or a potassium ion. The ionic compound can improve the cycling performance of secondary batteries such as sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries.

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