A semiconductor photoresist composition includes an organometallic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, an organic acid having a vapor pressure of less than or equal to about 1.0 mmHg at 25° C., and a pKa of about 3 to about 5, and a solvent. A method of forming photoresist patterns utilizes the composition.

##STR00001##

A Pb-free Sn-halide Perovskite solar cell with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency is provided. A solar cell uses a perovskite compound represented by ABX.sub.3 where A is a cation, B is a metal, and X is a halogen, wherein each of A, B and X may be composed of a plurality of elements, and B includes Sn and Ge.

Described herein are complexes comprising a cationic antibacterial agent and a metal salt; oral care compositions comprising same; along with methods of making and using these complexes and compositions.

The present invention provides a method for introducing substituents into the α-position and the β-position of an α,β-unsaturated ketone, which not only can be used for the synthesis of a prostaglandin by a three-component coupling process, but also enables synthesis of a prostaglandin in a high yield by one-pot operation without requiring the use of a large excess amount of any of the three components required for the synthesis or using a highly toxic heavy metal as a catalyst or a solvent that is highly toxic to living bodies, and a method for synthesizing a prostaglandin using the same technical means. The method for introducing substituents into an α,β-unsaturated ketone according to the present invention is a method for introducing substituents into the carbon at the α-position and the carbon at the β-position of an α,β-unsaturated ketone, including: a first step of mixing alkyllithium and trialkylalkenyl tin in which tin atom binds to the vinyl position of the alkenyl group; a second step of mixing the mixture of the first step and dialkylzinc; a third step of mixing the mixture of the second step and an α,β-unsaturated ketone; and a fourth step of mixing the mixture of the third step and a trifluoromethanesulfonate compound.

Compounds according to general formula (I) ##STR00001##
in which M is Ge or Sn, RAr is ##STR00002##
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, independently of one another in each case, are —H, —F, —Cl, —OR.sup.6, —SR.sup.6, —N(R.sup.6).sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —COOR.sup.6, —CONHR.sup.6, a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.2-20 alkenyl, C.sub.1-20 alkyloxy or a C.sub.2-20 alkenoxy radical, which can be interrupted one or more times by O, S or —NR.sup.6— and substituted by one or more polymerizable groups and/or radicals R.sup.6, R.sup.6 is H, a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkyl or C.sub.2-20 alkenyl radical, R.sup.7 is a chemical bond, an n-valent aromatic radical or a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkylene radical, which can be interrupted one or more times by O, S or —NR.sup.6— and substituted by one or more polymerizable groups, ═O and/or radicals R.sup.6, n is 2 or 3 and m is 0 or 1. The compounds are particularly suitable as photoinitiators for radical polymerization and in particular for the production of dental materials.

Photoactive compounds are disclosed. The disclosed compounds can include a structural motif of A-D-A, A-pi-D-A, or A-pi-D-pi-A, with A being an electron acceptor moiety, pi being a π-bridging moiety, and D being an electron donor moiety comprising a fused heteroaromatic group. The disclosed photoactive compounds can be used in organic photovoltaic devices, such as visibly transparent or opaque photovoltaic devices.

The present disclosure relates to novel perovskite solar cells, and the method of making and using the novel perovskite solar cells. More specifically, a triple cation perovskite solar cell device containing a multifunctional capping layer (MCL) of R.sup.1NH.sub.3.sup.+ and/or a thin layer of two-dimensional (2D) material of (R.sup.1NH.sub.3.sup.+).sub.2(A.sup.+).sub.n−1(M.sup.2+).sub.n(X.sup.−).sub.3n+1 on top of the commonly used ABX3 perovskite, with enhanced power conversion efficiency of 22.06% (from 19.94%) with long-term stability over 1000 hours under continuous illumination has been developed.

A method for forming a fluorinated oxostannate film involves vaporizing a volatile fluorinated alkyltin compound having at least two hydrolytically sensitive functional groups or at least two reactive functional groups which are sensitive to oxidation at a temperature greater than 200° C.; providing a substrate; physisorbing or chemisorbing the fluorinated alkyltin compound onto the substrate; and exposing the physisorbed or chemisorbed fluorinated alkyltin compound to a sequence of hydrolysis, irradiation, and/or oxidation steps to form the fluorinated oxostannate thin film on the substrate. Fluorinated alkyltin compounds having formula (I) are also described, in which R.sup.f is a fluorinated or partially fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, X is a dialkylamino group having about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and n is 1 or 2:
(R.sup.fCH.sub.2).sub.nSnX.sub.(4-n)  (I).

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) binding compounds having radioisotope substituents are described, as well as chemical precursors thereof. Compounds include pyridine containing compounds, compounds having phenylhydrazine structures, and acylated lysine compounds. The compounds allow ready incorporation of radionuclides for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging, for example, prostate cancer cells and angiogenesis.

Synthesis reactions are described to efficiently and specifically form compounds of the structure RSnL3, where R is an organic ligand to the tin, and L is hydrolysable ligand or a hydrolysis product thereof. The synthesis is effective for a broad range of R ligands. The synthesis is based on the use of alkali metal ions and optionally alkaline earth (pseudo-alkaline earth) metal ions. Compounds are formed of the structures represented by the formulas RSn(C≡CSiR′.sub.3).sub.3, R′R″ACSnL.sub.3, where A is a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br or I) or an aromatic ring with at least one halogen substituent, R′R″(R′″O)CSnL.sub.3 or R′R″(N≡C)CSnZ.sub.3.