An organic solar cell is provided. The organic solar cell includes a photoactive layer in which a low molecular weight conjugated compound as a first organic semiconductor material is mixed with an appropriate amount of a second organic semiconductor material. The first organic semiconductor material includes both electron donors and electron acceptors. The presence of the electron donors and the electron acceptors in the first organic semiconductor material improves the morphology of the photoactive layer, leading to high efficiency of the organic solar cell.

A polymer compound comprising a structural unit represented by the formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein a ring A and a ring B represent a heterocyclic ring. A ring C represents a condensed aromatic heterocyclic ring not having a line-symmetric axis and a rotational axis. Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 represent a group represented by the formula (Z-1), a group represented by the formula (Z-2), a group represented by the formula (Z-3), a group represented by the formula (Z-4), a group represented by the formula (Z-5), a group represented by the formula (Z-6) or a group represented by the formula (Z-7). ##STR00002## R represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group.].

Provided are a pressure medium oil, containing a Group-14 element-containing organic compound selected from an organic germanium compound, an organic tin compound, and an organic lead compound, and a method for using a pressure medium oil, which includes applying a pressure to a substance via the pressure medium oil. The pressure medium oil does not solidify even under an ultrahigh pressure of more than 3.7 GPa at room temperature (25 C.) and has a low pour point, and hardly dissolves a conductive paste.

Provided are a resist composition and a method of forming a pattern by using the same, the resist composition including: an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1; and a polymer including a repeating unit containing a radical generating group, a repeating unit containing a radical accepting group, or any combination thereof.

Sn(R.sub.11).sub.n(OR.sub.12).sub.(4-n) Formula 1

Descriptions of R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and n in Formula 1 are provided in the specification.

A crosslinking auxiliary composition for an olefin-based copolymer, a crosslinking composition, and an additive for an encapsulant composition for an optical device are described, and by using them that comprising a compound of the following Formula 1, an encapsulant composition for an optical device and an encapsulant film for an optical device, having high volume resistance and light transmittance could be obtained,

##STR00001## wherein l, m, n, and o are each independently an integer of 0 to 4.

As described herein, photosensitive composition comprises RSnL.sub.3, where R is a hydrocarbyl ligand with 1-20 carbon atoms and one or more silicon and/or germanium heteroatoms and L is an acetylide ligand (C?CA, where A is a silyl group with 0 to 6 carbon atoms or an organo group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms). Methods are described wherein photosensitive compositions are synthesized by reacting RX, where X is a halide, and MSnL.sub.3, where M is an alkali metal, alkali earth metal or a pseudo-alkali earth metal, L is an acetylide or a dialkylamide. The radiation sensitive compositions are effective for radiation based patterning, such as with EUV light.

A novel method and system for using certain tin compounds as dopant sources for ion implantation are provided. A suitable tin-containing dopant source material is selected based on one or more certain attributes. Some of these attributes include stability at room temperature; sufficient vapor pressure to be delivered from its source supply to an ion chamber and, the ability to produce a suitable beam current for ion implantation to achieve the required implant Sn dosage. The dopant source is preferably delivered from a source supply that actuates under sub atmospheric conditions to enhance the safety and reliability during operation.

The present technology is directed to compounds, compositions, medicaments, and methods related to the treatment of cancers expressing PSMA. The compounds are of Formulas I & II ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present technology is especially well-suited for use in treating prostate cancer.

The present invention provides a process for producing monooctyltin trichloride comprising very low levels of dioctyltin and trioctyltin compounds, said process comprising the following steps: (1) Contacting an organotin chloride mixture comprising monooctyltin chloride with an aqueous phase containing halide ions, said step optionally being carried out in the presence of organic solvent; (2) separating the resulting aqueous phase which is rich in monooctyltin chloride from the organic phase containing most of the dioctyltin and trioctyltin compounds; (3) optionally purifying said aqueous phase comprising monooctyltin trichloride from undesired side products by washing said aqueous phase with an organic solvent; and (4) recovering monooctyltin trichloride from said aqueous phase comprising monooctyltin trichloride.

The present invention provides novel two-dimensional van der Waals materials and stacks of those materials. Also provided are methods of making and using such materials.